Geotechnical Characteristics of Fine-Grained Soils Stabilized with Fly Ash, a Review

Turan, Canan; Vinai, Raffaele; Zali, Ramiz Beig

doi:10.3390/su142416710

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 91 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The increase in CBR is due to the presence of angular particles in the EDW, which mobilizes the angle of internal friction, resulting in an increase in strength. Similar behavior was observed by several researchers [15,17,20,31,33].…”

Section: California Bearing Ratio (Cbr) Testssupporting

confidence: 90%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Utilization of Earthquake Demolition Wastes and Afşin–Elbistan Fly Ash for Soil Improvement after the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake (6 February 2023)

Cinar

2024

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Türkiye is surrounded by active faults that have the potential to produce big earthquakes. Recently, one of these faults has become active. Two earthquakes of magnitude 7.7 and 7.6 occurred 9 h apart on 6 February 2023 in Kahramanmaraş. It is reported that 150 million tons of earthquake demolition waste (EDW) is estimated to be produced as a result of those natural hazards. This waste poses a serious risk to both the environment and human health. Its use in geotechnical applications will provide serious environmental benefits. In this study, Afşin–Elbistan fly ash (AEFA) and EDW were used to stabilize weak clayey soils in different proportions. Samples were prepared by separately adding 5, 10, 15, and 20% AEFA and EDW to high-plasticity clay. The AEFA used in this study was used because the production of AEFA is too high, and it is not used in concrete production because it does not comply with the standards and causes serious environmental problems for the region. The Atterberg limit, standard compaction, unconfined compression strength (UCS), triaxial, and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were performed on soil samples, and samples were prepared from soil mixtures with various proportions of AEFA and EDW added. In addition, clay mixtures were prepared with EDW by keeping the AEFA ratio constant at 15% and their effects were also investigated. According to Atterberg test results, the natural soil class was determined as high-plasticity clay, the soil class of the mixtures created by adding EDW and AEFA was determined as low-plasticity clay, and all ternary mixtures were determined as low-plasticity silt. In addition, the maximum dry density increased for all mixtures, while the optimum water content decreased. A significant increase was observed in UCS test results, especially in ternary mixtures. While cohesion increased in AEFA mixtures, it decreased in ternary mixtures as the EDW ratio increased. It was observed that the internal friction angle increased in all mixtures. According to CBR test results, it was determined that the binary AEFA mixture ratio was 20%, the binary EDW mixture ratio was 10% and above, and all ratios of the ternary AEFA + EDW mixtures could be used as road sub-base material. After the major earthquake disaster, the use of EDW is of great importance for the environment. As a result, AEFA and EDW were found to enhance the geotechnical properties of clay.

show abstract

Section: California Bearing Ratio (Cbr) Testssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Moreover, the addition of EDW and AEFA reduced the clay size fraction of the soils due to flocculation of clay particles through cementation. Therefore, EDW and AEFA treatment made the soil more granular [20,[31][32][33]. Additionally, decreasing PI increased the workability of the soils.…”

Section: Atterberg Limit Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Earthquake Demolition Wastes and Afşin–Elbistan Fly Ash for Soil Improvement after the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake (6 February 2023)

Cinar

2024

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Improving geotechnical properties of clayey soils with fly ash has been studied for a while in geotechnical engineering. The recent studies on stabilizing silt and clay soils by fly ash were gathered in a paper as a review and it was shown that fly ash can be used as a substitute material to improve the mechanical properties of fine-grained soils [5]. However, studies on the improvement of sand soils with fly ash have been limited; Kaniraj and Havanagi [6] added fly ash and cement to sand and silt soils and found that cement had a greater effect than fly ash.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Cement and Fly Ash on the Improvement of Fine Sand Soil

Yazıcı,

Unsever

2024

Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Soil stabilization problems like liquefaction, bearing capacity, permeability, excessive settlement and swelling can be solved by improving soil’s engineering properties by using various methods. The use of fly ash as a stabilizer has become popular in recent years since it is eco-friendly and effective on soil stabilization, especially for fine-grained soils. This study investigated the reuse of fly ash as a stabilizer (5–25% by weight) and cement (constant 3% by weight) as an activator to enhance the geotechnical properties of poorly graded sand (SP). Standard proctor tests were conducted to determine optimum water content and maximum dry unit weight, followed by direct shear box, falling head permeability and CBR tests at the determined optimum water content. Direct shear box experiments were carried out at two relative densities (30% and 80%) and CBR experiments were performed after 7 and 28 days of curing time. The results demonstrated that the addition of fly ash and cement improved the geotechnical properties, including shear strength, permeability and bearing capacity of the fine sand soil.

show abstract

“…Numerous researchers have also investigated the physical and mechanical properties and cyclic strength characteristics of fly ash under different loading conditions. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR), unconfined compressive strength, shear strength, and resilient modulus of fine-grained soils have been observed to increase with the addition of fly ash [28][29][30]. It has been shown that the cyclic behavior and liquefaction potential of fly ash are influenced by various parameters, including confining stress, relative density, anisotropy, loading frequency, and cyclic stress ratio [31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Liquefaction Characteristics of Saturated Sands Mixed with Fly Ash and Tire Crumb Rubber

Zeybek

Eyin

2023

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The liquefaction of saturated sandy soils during dynamic loading can inflict excessive damage on the structures, leading to significant human and economic losses. Recycling and reusing industrial waste materials may offer a sustainable and economic solution to this problem. This study investigates the influence of two waste materials, namely, recycled fly ash and tire crumb rubber, on the liquefaction characteristics of sand. For this purpose, loose and medium-dense triaxial specimens were prepared using sand–fly ash mixtures containing 0–40% of fly ash and sand–tire crumb rubber mixtures containing 0–30% of crumb rubber. The liquefaction characteristics of the specimens were examined through a series of stress-controlled, undrained, dynamic triaxial tests. The tests were conducted at 1 Hz loading frequency and under initial effective confining stresses of 50 and 100 kPa. The experimental results showed that, at a similar relative density, the liquefaction resistance of the sand–fly ash specimens decreased as the fly ash content (FA) increased up to about 20%; then, it slightly increased until FA reached 40%. Sand-only specimens showed greater liquefaction resistance than sand–fly ash specimens. The liquefaction resistance of the sand–tire crumb rubber specimens was enhanced by increasing the rubber content (RC) in the mixtures. It was found that the increasing liquefaction resistance of sand with the addition of tire crumb rubber was more noticeable under higher confining stresses.

show abstract

Geotechnical Characteristics of Fine-Grained Soils Stabilized with Fly Ash, a Review

Cited by 12 publications

References 91 publications

Utilization of Earthquake Demolition Wastes and Afşin–Elbistan Fly Ash for Soil Improvement after the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake (6 February 2023)

Utilization of Earthquake Demolition Wastes and Afşin–Elbistan Fly Ash for Soil Improvement after the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake (6 February 2023)

Investigation of Cement and Fly Ash on the Improvement of Fine Sand Soil

Experimental Study on Liquefaction Characteristics of Saturated Sands Mixed with Fly Ash and Tire Crumb Rubber

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About