Geospatial Mapping Technique: A Study on Morphometry in the Gomti River Basin

Abstract

Geospatial application is a greater, recently emerging interdisciplinary technology with significant potential for studying geomorphic challenges. The study analysed the morphometric characteristics of the Gomti River basin in Uttar Pradesh, India, using topographical sheet and SRTM data. The linear (stream order and number, mean stream length and ratio, length of overland flow, bifurcation ratio and mean bifurcation ratio; areal (stream density, stream frequency, stream texture and ratio, form factor, elongated ratio, circulatory ratio, shape factor), and relief (basin relief and ratio, gradient ratio) aspects with asymmetric factors have been calculated using various methods. The catchment area of the Gomti River is 31009 km2, while its perimeter is 1435 km2. The results showed that the Gomati River has sub dendric to dendric drainage pattern followed with the natural gradient of the area. The low drainage density estimates of the basin also imply that it has a highly permeable subsurface covered by dense vegetation. The basin is substantially extended, as evidenced by the circularity ratio. The asymmetric factor analysis revealed the tilt and uplift of the Gomati Basin, indicating tectonic control over the basin, particularly near the confluence. The study's goal was to identify the major variables that contributed to the establishment of the watershed.