Geospatial and age-related patterns of Taenia solium taeniasis in the rural health zone of Kimpese, Democratic Republic of Congo

Madinga, Joule; Kanobana, Kirezi; Lukanu, Philippe Ngwala; Abatih, Emmanuel; Baloji, Sylvain; Linsuke, Sylvie; Praet, Nicolas; Kapinga, Serge; Polman, Katja; Lutumba, Pascal; Speybroeck, Niko; Dorny, Pierre; Harrison, Wendy; Gabriël, Sarah

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.03.013

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Age-dependent infection is incorporated into human dynamics in cystiSim [53], however FoI modelling could help to inform further age-dependent infection processes in pig and human populations in cystiSim [53] and EPICYST [56]. For example, there is some evidence for specific age trends in taeniosis infection, with the highest prevalence’s found in younger age groups as identified in the Democratic Republic of Congo [80], Peru [81], and Guatemala [82], which could be a result of protective immunity in older individuals or age-specific meat consumption trends. Age-stratified taeniosis prevalence data could support FoI modelling to better understand the rate of recovery from taeniosis, identified as an influential and uncertain parameter in the EPICYST sensitivity analysis [56].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for tackling Taenia solium taeniosis/cysticercosis: A systematic review and comparison of transmission models, including an assessment of the wider Taeniidae family transmission models

et al. 2019

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Background The cestode Taenia solium causes the neglected (zoonotic) tropical disease cysticercosis, a leading cause of preventable epilepsy in endemic low and middle-income countries. Transmission models can inform current scaling-up of control efforts by helping to identify, validate and optimise control and elimination strategies as proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Methodology/Principal findings A systematic literature search was conducted using the PRISMA approach to identify and compare existing T . solium transmission models, and related Taeniidae infection transmission models. In total, 28 modelling papers were identified, of which four modelled T . solium exclusively. Different modelling approaches for T . solium included deterministic, Reed-Frost, individual-based, decision-tree, and conceptual frameworks. Simulated interventions across models agreed on the importance of coverage for impactful effectiveness to be achieved. Other Taeniidae infection transmission models comprised force-of-infection (FoI), population-based (mainly Echinococcus granulosus ) and individual-based (mainly E . multilocularis ) modelling approaches. Spatial structure has also been incorporated ( E . multilocularis and Taenia ovis ) in recognition of spatial aggregation of parasite eggs in the environment and movement of wild animal host populations. Conclusions/Significance Gaps identified from examining the wider Taeniidae family models highlighted the potential role of FoI modelling to inform model parameterisation, as well as the need for spatial modelling and suitable structuring of interventions as key areas for future T . solium model development. We conclude that working with field partners to address data gaps and conducting cross-model validation with baseline and longitudinal data will be critical to building consensus-led and epidemiological setting-appropriate intervention strategies to help fulfil the WHO targets.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for tackling Taenia solium taeniosis/cysticercosis: A systematic review and comparison of transmission models, including an assessment of the wider Taeniidae family transmission models

et al. 2019

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“…Our K-function difference plot for M’Drak ( Fig 6F ) showed pig exposure-positive households were clustered within a distance of 1500 m. Presumably, this was due to the larger range over which free-roaming pigs forage. Copado et al, 2004 [ 26 ] reported that free-roaming pigs travel daily within a distance ranging from 1000 to 3000 m. In a 12 hour period, pigs traveled a distance of up to 4000 m and spent, on average, 47% of their time outside of their homestead [ 28 ]. Our findings are supported by those of Ngowi et al (2010) [ 12 ] who conducted a cross-sectional study of cysticercosis in 784 pig-owning households in northern Tanzania.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On inspection we observed a group of taeniasis- and exposure-positive households in close proximity to each other in the village of Cu Mta in M’Drak district ( Fig 7 ). Madinga et al (2017) [ 26 ] and Morales et al (2008) [ 29 ] indicated that there was no spatial correlation of T . solium exposure in pigs and T .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial distribution of Taenia solium exposure in humans and pigs in the Central Highlands of Vietnam

et al. 2018

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BackgroundTaenia solium, a pork-borne parasitic zoonosis, is the cause of taeniasis and cysticercosis in humans. In Vietnam, poor sanitation, the practice of outdoor defecation and consumption of raw/undercooked pork have been associated with infection/exposure to T. solium in both humans and pigs. The broad-scale geographic distribution of the prevalence of T. solium varies throughout the country with infection restricted to isolated foci in the north and a more sporadic geographic distribution in the Central Highlands and the south. While cross-sectional studies have allowed the broad-scale geographic distribution of T. solium to be described, details of the geographic distribution of T. solium at finer spatial scales have not been described in detail. This study provides a descriptive spatial analysis of T. solium exposure in humans and pigs and T. solium taeniasis in humans within individual households in village communities of Dak Lak in the Central Highlands of Vietnam.Methodology/Principal findingsWe used Ripley’s K-function to describe spatial dependence in T. solium exposure positive and negative human and pig households and T. solium taeniasis exposure positive and negative households in villages within the districts of Buon Don, Krong Nang and M’Drak of Dak Lak province in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The prevalence of exposure to T. solium in pigs in Dak Lak province was 9 (95% CI 5 to 17) cases per 1000 pigs at risk. The prevalence of exposure to the parasite in humans was somewhat higher at 5 (95% CI 3 to 8) cases per 100 individuals at risk. Spatial aggregations of T. solium exposure-positive pig and human households occurred in some, but not all of the villages in the three study districts. Human exposure-positive households were found to be aggregated within a distance of 200 to 300 m in villages in Krong Nang district compared with distances of up to 1500 m for pig exposure-positive households in villages in M’Drak district. Although this study demonstrated the aggregation of households in which either T. solium exposure- or taeniasis-positive individuals were present, we were unable to identify an association between the two due to the very low number of T. solium taeniasis-positive households.ConclusionsSpatial aggregations of T. solium exposure-positive pig and human households occurred in some, but not all of the villages in the three study districts. We were unable to definitively identify reasons for these findings but speculate that they were due to a combination of demographic, anthropological and micro-environmental factors. To more definitively identify characteristics that increase cysticercosis risk we propose that cross-sectional studies similar in design to that described in this paper should be applied in other provinces of Vietnam.

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“…This is done by generating a large number, say , of random data sets generated under the null hypothesis, conditioned on the total number of observed cases. The use of is a standard choice in the literature [ 44 – 47 ]. Inference will be more accurate as M increases and offers a good trade off between accuracy and computational effort.…”

Section: Spatial Scan Statistic For Poisson Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Border analysis for spatial clusters

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe spatial scan statistic is widely used by public health professionals in the detection of spatial clusters in inhomogeneous point process. The most popular version of the spatial scan statistic uses a circular-shaped scanning window. Several other variants, using other parametric or non-parametric shapes, are also available. However, none of them offer information about the uncertainty on the borders of the detected clusters.MethodWe propose a new method to evaluate uncertainty on the boundaries of spatial clusters identified through the spatial scan statistic for Poisson data. For each spatial data location i, a function F(i) is calculated. While not a probability, this function takes values in the [0, 1] interval, with a higher value indicating more evidence that the location belongs to the true cluster.ResultsThrough a set of simulation studies, we show that the F function provides a way to define, measure and visualize the certainty or uncertainty of each specific location belonging to the true cluster. The method can be applied whether there are one or multiple detected clusters on the map. We illustrate the new method on a data set concerning Chagas disease in Minas Gerais, Brazil.ConclusionsThe higher the intensity given to an area, the higher the plausibility of that particular area to belong to the true cluster in case it exists. This way, the F function provides information from which the public health practitioner can perform a border analysis of the detected spatial scan statistic clusters. We have implemented and illustrated the border analysis F function in the context of the circular spatial scan statistic for spatially aggregated Poisson data. The definition is clearly independent of both the shape of the scanning window and the probability model under which the data is generated. To make the new method widely available to users, it has been implemented in the freely available SaTScan software www.satscan.org.

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Geospatial and age-related patterns of Taenia solium taeniasis in the rural health zone of Kimpese, Democratic Republic of Congo

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 26 publications

References 47 publications

Strategies for tackling Taenia solium taeniosis/cysticercosis: A systematic review and comparison of transmission models, including an assessment of the wider Taeniidae family transmission models

Strategies for tackling Taenia solium taeniosis/cysticercosis: A systematic review and comparison of transmission models, including an assessment of the wider Taeniidae family transmission models

Spatial distribution of Taenia solium exposure in humans and pigs in the Central Highlands of Vietnam

Border analysis for spatial clusters

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