Geospatial Analysis of Urban Land Use Pattern Analysis for Hemorrhagic Fever Risk – A Review

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Human modification of the natural environment continues to create habitats in which vectors of a wide variety of human and animal pathogens (such as Plasmodium, Aedes aegypti, Arenavirus etc.) thrive if unabated with an enormous potential to negatively affect public health. Typical examples of these modifications include impoundments, dams, irrigation systems, landfills and so on that provide enabled environment for the transmission of Hemorrhagic fever such as malaria, dengue, avian flu, Lassa fever etc. Furthermore, contemporary urban dwelling pattern appears to be associated with the prevalence of Hemorrhagic diseases in recent years. These observations are not peculiar to the developing world, as urban expansion also contributes significantly to mosquito and other vectors habitats. This habitats offer breeding ground to some vector virus populations. The key to disease control is developing an understanding of the contribution of human landscape modification to vector-borne pathogen transmission and how a balance may be achieved between human development, public health, and responsible urban land use. A comprehensive review of urban land use Pattern Analysis for Hemorrhagic fever risk has been conducted in this paper. The study found that most of the available literatures dwell more on the impact of urban land use on malaria and dengue fevers; however, studies are yet to be found discussing the implications of urban land use on the risk of Ebola, Lassa and other non-mosquito borne VHFs. A relational model for investigating the influence of urban land use change pattern on the risk of Hemorrhagic fever has been proposed in this study. INTRODUCTIONUrban environment support high concentration of human, domestic pet, and introduced animals that create favourable conditions for the transmission of infectious parasite, such as the Hemorrhagic viruses. The rate of transmission of the parasite increases with the quest for speedy urbanization. Again, the actual process of rapid urbanization is associated with various ecological, social, and economic changes, in both the urban area, and the adjacent natural environment. Consequently, the continuous degradation of the ecosystem poses a threat to the present and future dwelling sustainability. Babanyara et al. (2010) observed that rapid population growth and urbanization were of great concern to the sustainability of cities; therefore, the more people on the earth, the greater the impact on the environment and the resources. Also, literature affirms that urbanization takes place in both developed and developing countries (Al-shalabi et al., 2013). However, speedy urbanization, especially the urban land expansion, and the associated problem of unemployment, poverty, poor sanitary condition and environment degradation pose a formidable challenge in some developing countries (Basnet, 2011;Hove et al., 2013;owoeye and ogundiran, 2014). Be that as it may, the developing countries lack adequate implementation policies to address dwelling and Hemorrhagic risks as a re...

Comparison of Dengue Transmission in Lowland and Highland Area: Case Study in Semarang and Malang, Indonesia

“…Its quick global spread in the last decades is unprecedented and worrisome. Dengue poses a global health threat as its high prevalence, limitations of vaccine and prophylactic measure, and the lack of particular treatment [19].…”

“…In recent years, environmental characteristics and socio-cultural activities also have a link to dengue [18]. Modification on the natural environment can affect the population of various pathogen vectors and create propitious habitats for its abundance with adverse effects on public health [19]. The urban and semi-urban environment supports a high density of human population and domestic pet that establish favorable conditions for the parasite infection.…”

“…The quick urbanization process increases the contagion rate of the parasite, including dengue virus. The associated problem of environmental degradation, expansion of urban land, poor sanitary condition, poverty, and diseases becomes a tough challenge in some countries [19].…”

“…Information about the set of possible environmental parameters will help to identify the risk factors in the future. Dengue cases are dominated by high population density and high rainfall [19]. Two different cities, such as landscape structure and population density, are possible to have a distinct pattern of dengue transmission.…”

Predicción del establecimiento potencial del mosquito Aedes aegypti en espacios urbanos no habitacionales en Colombia, usando variables ecourbanas y paisajísticas

“…La aplicación de métodos tradicionales para el monitoreo de mosquitos, es útil para confirmar o no la presencia de estos organismos en un ecosistema, sin embargo, a partir de estas se hace imposible inferir de manera anticipada el riesgo potencial que pueden representar algunos lugares para el establecimiento de poblaciones de mosquitos, y mucho menos predecir el riesgo de contraer algún tipo de enfermedad transmitida por estos vectores (Tian et al, 2015;Izzah et al, 2016). Debido a la importancia que reviste el conocimiento de manera anticipada de sitios potencialmente aptos para el establecimiento del mosquito A. aegypti, el presente trabajo tuvo como propósito identificar un conjunto de variables ecourbanas y paisajísticas a partir de las cuales se pueda predecir el potencial establecimiento del mosquito A. aegypti en espacios urbanos no habitacionales en Colombia.…”