Georgenia daeguensis sp. nov., isolated from 4-chlorophenol enrichment culture

Abstract

During screening for 4-chlorophenol-degrading micro-organisms in activated sludge from industrial wastewater treatment, a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterial strain, designated 2C6-43 T , was isolated and characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 2C6-43 T belongs to the family Bogoriellaceae, class Actinobacteria, and is related most closely to Georgenia soli CC-NMPT-T3 T (98.8 % sequence similarity), Georgenia muralis 1A-C T (97.6 %), Georgenia thermotolerans TT02-04 T (96.8 %), Georgenia ruanii YIM 004 T (96.6 %) and Georgenia halophila YIM 93316 T (96.0 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain 2C6-43 T was 66.2 mol%. Sugars from whole-cell hydrolysates found in strain 2C6-43 T were rhamnose, ribose and galactose. The menaquinone MK-8(H 4 ) was detected as the predominant quinone. Polar lipid analysis of 2C6-43 T revealed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol. An aromatic compound ring cleavage enzyme of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase was detected but catechol 2,3-dioxygenase was not detected in 2C6-43 T . A fatty acid profile with anteiso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 and C 16 : 0 as the major components supported the affiliation of strain 2C6-43 T to the genus Georgenia. However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 2C6-43 T and the type strains of five species of the genus Georgenia ranged from 17 to 40 %, clearly showing that the isolate constitutes a new genospecies. Strain 2C6-43 T could be clearly differentiated from its phylogenetic neighbours on the basis of some phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic features. Therefore, strain 2C6-43 T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Georgenia, for which the name Georgenia daeguensis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is 2C6-43 T (5KCTC 19801 T 5JCM 17459 T ).

Georgenia subflava sp. nov., isolated from a deep-sea sediment

“…Galactose was detected as the cell-wall sugar. The DNA G+C content of strain Y32 T was 71.2 mol%, which was in the range of 66.2–73.4 mol% reported for the genus Georgenia (Srinivas et al , 2012; Woo et al , 2012; You et al , 2013).…”

“…The genus Georgenia , belonging to the family Bogoriellaceae , class Actinobacteria , was proposed by Altenburger et al (2002) with Georgenia muralis as the type species. At the time of writing, the genus Georgenia consists of eight recognized species: G. muralis (Altenburger et al , 2002), G. ruanii (Li et al , 2007), G. thermotolerans (Hamada et al , 2009), G. soli (Kämpfer et al , 2010), G. halophila (Tang et al , 2010), G. satyanarayanai (Srinivas et al , 2012), G. daeguensis (Woo et al , 2012) and G. sediminis (You et al , 2013). All members of this genus contain anteiso-C 15 : 0 as the predominant cellular fatty acid and MK-8(H 4 ) as the predominant menaquinone and have DNA G+C contents in the range 66.2–73.4 mol% (Srinivas et al , 2012; Woo et al , 2012; You et al , 2013).…”

Georgenia sediminis sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic actinobacterium isolated from sediment

“…Differential phenotypic characteristics between strain SCSIO 15020 T and its closest neighbours in the genus Georgenia Strains: 1, SCSIO 15020 T ; 2, G. muralis NBRC 103560 T ; 3, G. thermotolerans NBRC 104148 T ; 4, G. ruanii NBRC 103883 T . All data except for those relating to the morphology, motility, peptidoglycan type, menaquinones, polar lipids and DNA G+C content (Altenburger et al, 2002;Li et al, 2007;Hamada et al, 2009;Woo et al, 2012) of the reference strains are from this study. DPG, diphosphatidylglycerol; PG, phosphatidylglycerol; PI, phosphatidylinositol; PIM, phosphatidylinositol mannosides; PL, unidentified polar lipid; GL, unidentified glycolipid.…”

Georgenia satyanarayanai sp. nov., an alkaliphilic and thermotolerant amylase-producing actinobacterium isolated from a soda lake

“…The genus Georgenia was first proposed by Altenburger et al (2002) with Georgenia muralis as the type species. At the time of writing, the genus Georgenia comprised six recognized species, including the recently described Georgenia daeg uensis (Woo et al , 2012). The members of this genus are Gram-stain-positive, aerobic or facultative anaerobic, non-sporulating, oxidase- and catalase-positive, motile or non-motile bacteria with MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C 15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, lysine as the diagnostic cell wall amino acid and a polar lipid profile with diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major components (Tang et al , 2010).…”