GeoPPRA: An Energy-Efficient Geocasting Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract

In this paper, a variant of the conventional multicasting called geocasting, or location-based multicasting, is presented. The proposed scheme combines anycasting, restricted broadcasting, and local broadcasting to deliver packets to a group of nodes presented in a specific geographic region called geocast region. Also, the proposed scheme utilizes a pheromone-aided multipath algorithm (PPRA) to perform energy-efficient load balancing that increases the network lifetime. We compare the performance of GeoPPRA with well-known geocasting protocol GAMER via simulation. The simulation results show significant reductions of energy consumption, while maintaining comparable delivery ratio defined as the ratio of successfully delivered data packets to the total data packets sent from the source to one of the geocast group members.

Multicasting, Geocasting, and Anycasting in Sensor and Actuator Networks

“…However, a number of articles refer to the anycasting problem while solving a different problem. For example, in [CDC + 04] and [JK07], the term 'anycasting' corresponds to the first stage of some geocasting protocols (see Section 2), which consists in reaching any node inside a given geographical region.…”

Guaranteed Delivery for Geographical Anycasting in Wireless Multi-Sink Sensor and Sensor-Actor Networks

“…The protocol is similar to directed diffusion, where event sources are passive until demand for data is received. Another type is anycasting to a region, until one node from the region is reached [8], [3]. This differs from our problem formulation where actors are not in the same region, and in fact they are preferably spread to cover all the area.…”