Geopolymer concrete: Sustainable green concrete for reduced greenhouse gas emission – A review

Saha, Purnachandra; Saha, D.; Jena, S; Panda, Pratyush

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.11.588

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…During the polymerization process, a polymeric chain and ring structure made up of Si-O-Al-O linkages is formed, with an empirical formula that looks like this: nM 2 O.Al 2 O 3 .xSiO 2 .yH 2 O; where M is an alkali action, n is the percentage polymerization, and w is the content of water. In addition, the geopolymerization reaction according to [ 11 ] can be described as follows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Methods for Modeling the Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Mortar

et al. 2022

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In recent years, geopolymer has been developed as an alternative to Portland cement (PC) because of the significant carbon dioxide emissions produced by the cement manufacturing industry. A wide range of source binder materials has been used to prepare geopolymers; however, fly ash (FA) is the most used binder material for creating geopolymer concrete due to its low cost, wide availability, and increased potential for geopolymer preparation. In this paper, 247 experimental datasets were obtained from the literature to develop multiscale models to predict fly-ash-based geopolymer mortar compressive strength (CS). In the modeling process, thirteen different input model parameters were considered to estimate the CS of fly-ash-based geopolymer mortar. The collected data contained various mix proportions and different curing ages (1 to 28 days), as well as different curing temperatures. The CS of all types of cementitious composites, including geopolymer mortars, is one of the most important properties; thus, developing a credible model for forecasting CS has become a priority. Therefore, in this study, three different models, namely, linear regression (LR), multinominal logistic regression (MLR), and nonlinear regression (NLR) were developed to predict the CS of geopolymer mortar. The proposed models were then evaluated using different statistical assessments, including the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean squared error (RMSE), scatter index (SI), objective function value (OBJ), and mean absolute error (MAE). It was found that the NLR model performed better than the LR and MLR models. For the NLR model, R2, RMSE, SI, and OBJ were 0.933, 4.294 MPa, 0.138, 4.209, respectively. The SI value of NLR was 44 and 41% lower than the LR and MLR models’ SI values, respectively. From the sensitivity analysis result, the most effective parameters for predicting CS of geopolymer mortar were the SiO2 percentage of the FA and the alkaline liquid-to-binder ratio of the mixture.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Methods for Modeling the Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Mortar

et al. 2022

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“…Moreover, new green technologies, such as additive manufacturing, can be used with these thermosetting polymeric ceramics [ 4 ]. Due to its potential high productivity and reduced environmental and production costs [ 4 , 12 ], additive technology is becoming increasingly popular in different areas [ 4 , 10 ], including its applications in the construction industry [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ] and, recently, a biomimetic and sustainable approach to developing biomedical applications [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermokinetic and Chemorheology of the Geopolymerization of an Alumina-Rich Alkaline-Activated Metakaolin in Isothermal and Dynamic Thermal Scans

Aversa,

Ricciotti,

Perrotta

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Alkaline sodium hydroxide/sodium silicate-activating high-purity metakaolin geopolymerization is described in terms of metakaolin deconstruction in tetrahedral hydrate silicate [O[Si(OH)3]]− and aluminate [Al(OH)4]− ionic precursors followed by their reassembling in linear and branched sialates monomers that randomly copolymerize into an irregular crosslinked aluminosilicate network. The novelty of the approach resides in the concurrent thermo-calorimetric (differential scanning calorimetry, DSC) and rheological (dynamic mechanical analysis, DMA) characterizations of the liquid slurry during the transformation into a gel and a structural glassy solid. Tests were run either in temperature scan (1 °C/min) or isothermal (20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C) cure conditions. A Gaussian functions deconvolution method has been applied to the DSC multi-peak thermograms to separate the kinetic contributions of the oligomer’s concurrent reactions. DSC thermograms of all tested materials are well-fitted by a combination of three overlapping Gaussian curves that are associated with the initial linear low-molecular-weight (Mw) oligomers (P1) formation, oligomers branching into alumina-rich and silica-rich gels (P2), and inter- and intra-molecular crosslinking (P3). The loss factor has been used to define viscoelastic behavioral zones for each DMA rheo-thermogram operated in the same DSC thermal conditions. Macromolecular evolution and viscoelastic properties have been obtained by pairing the deconvoluted DSC thermograms with the viscoelastic behavioral zones of the DMA rheo-thermograms. Two main chemorheological behaviors have been identified relative to pre- and post-gelation separation of the viscoelastic liquid from the viscoelastic solid. Each comprises three behavioral zones, accounting for the concurrently occurring linear and branching oligomerization, aluminate-rich and silica-rich gel nucleations, crosslinking, and vitrification. A “rubbery plateau” in the loss factor path, observed for all the testing conditions, identifies a large behavioral transition zone dividing the incipient gelling liquid slurry from the material hard setting and vitrification.

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“…If 20 years ago emissions from making cement for buildings, roads and other infrastructure accounted for 1.4 billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), now it is found that by 2021 this figure had more than doubled, rising to 2.9 billion tonnes and accounting for more than 7% of all global emissions [4]. The production of geopolymers instead of OPC-based concretes allows to reduce the CO2 emissions [5] by 40% -80% [6,7], thanks to which geopolymers have been called a potential alternative to traditional concrete for decades [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foamed geopolymers: a review of recent studies

Radina

Sprince

Pakrastins

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Undoubtedly, current environmental trends force scientists to search for a way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the production process of building materials. Geopolymers have been called as a potential alternative to traditional concrete for decades, allowing us to obtain more sustainable and durable materials with good thermal and reasonable mechanical properties and solve the problems related to waste materials utilization. Despite the great interest of scientists and the many advantages both in the production process of geopolymers and in terms of material properties, this idea looks unattainable in the near future, so it is worth investigating alternative ways of geopolymer applications. Thereby this review paper summarizes the recent progress in the field of foamed geopolymer concrete, focusing on the different preparation methods, material base, as well as information about the obstacles and challenges that hinder the transition of foamed geopolymers from research laboratories to real application in the civil engineering. This report also describes the density, compressive strength, thermal conductivity, pore size and distribution. A random sampling method and descriptive analysis were used in the preparation of a review, taking into account the year of publication, used materials, availability and the number of citations.

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Geopolymer concrete: Sustainable green concrete for reduced greenhouse gas emission – A review

Cited by 39 publications

References 41 publications

Statistical Methods for Modeling the Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Mortar

Statistical Methods for Modeling the Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Mortar

Thermokinetic and Chemorheology of the Geopolymerization of an Alumina-Rich Alkaline-Activated Metakaolin in Isothermal and Dynamic Thermal Scans

Foamed geopolymers: a review of recent studies

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