Geophysical surveys over and inside the Tobiotsuka Kofun – Okayama prefecture

Comina, Cesare; Sotiropoulos, P.; Maroulakis, S.; Vacha, Damiano; Mandrone, Giuseppe; Masturzo, N.; Matsumoto, Naoko; Seike, Akira

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102256

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…A horizontal time-slice with medium RGB threshold at 17 ns depth (c. 75 cm below ground surface, Figure 3C,D) shows numerous anomalies, some coincident with that seen on the 2D data (insets on Figure 4B) that were unexplained or presumably caused by a buried utility. By increasing the red band of the RGB threshold, we effectively accentuate the radar wave reflection amplitude [8], suppressing noise and leaving the most significant GPR return (Figure 4A), which was consistent with the bright spot on 2D data (Figure 4B). 2D and 3D data may be positively compared in a 3D GPR cube (Figure 4B).…”

Section: Methods and Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Of these, two eastwest profiles and two north-south profiles in the 20 m × 11 m grid showed an anomaly at the western side of this grid. Such a mixed approach, comprising grids for 3D analysis and 2D profiling is entirely standard and widely published in geophysics and forensic science journals [7,8]. The work published here is not a discussion of geophysics or GPR acquisition, so the reader is referred to publications cited above ( [7,8], and references therein).…”

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a mixed approach, comprising grids for 3D analysis and 2D profiling is entirely standard and widely published in geophysics and forensic science journals [7, 8]. The work published here is not a discussion of geophysics or GPR acquisition, so the reader is referred to publications cited above ([7, 8], and references therein). Seven profiles in this grid and in the 4 m × 4 m grid to its east (Figure 3B) showed insubstantial, if persistent anomalies that were consistent with drainage utilities, taking water from the raised roadway to the south, northward.…”

Section: Peri‐urban Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geoforensic search to crime scene: Remote sensing, geophysics, and dogs

Ruffell

Rocke

Powell

2023

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Forensic geology (Geoforensics) comprises a niche area of forensic science, traditionally based on the trace evidence analysis of soils and sediments [1]. Since 2003 [2], this subdiscipline has developed into Geoscience applications in: (i) the Search, (ii) the (crime) Scene, and (iii) the Sample (trace evidence: see [3]), along with related investigations like mining fraud [3], engineering [2, 3], and environmental crime [3]. The tripartite division of Search, Scene, and Sample is helpful, yet how Search and Scene link is not always obvious: specifically, what information is needed to proceed from the noninvasive, wide-area Search to crime Scene excavation stage. This work examines such a transition in scale, prompted by our casework experience, where a well-planned search focuses on a target that remains still too large or ambiguous to excavate as a crime scene. Confessions, eye-witness accounts, data on possible offenders ("intelligence"), use of the Geoforensic Search Strategy [4]-together or alone-may lead to a general area, such as part of a landscape (a valley, an area of specific ground, and a building), but not specific enough to investigate directly. Such descriptions

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Section: Methods and Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Peri‐urban Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geoforensic search to crime scene: Remote sensing, geophysics, and dogs

Ruffell

Rocke

Powell

2023

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…Unfortunately, the history of astronomy in Japan in the Kofun period suffers from the same problems existing in the whole approach to its history: the lack of written sources. Furthermore, clear archaeological evidence exists of influences from Korean and Chinese astronomy (in particular, it is certain that the Chinese-Korean tradition of depicting the celestial vault on the ceiling of the funerary chambers was imported in Japan at least in the 7 century AD, if not before) [27]. So, it is difficult to ascertain to what extant the Japanese people developed their own astronomical "worldview" [28,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Orientation of the Kofun Tombs

2022

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The Kofun period of the history of Japan—between the 3rd and the 7th century AD—bears its name from the construction of huge, earth mound tombs called Kofun. Among them, the largest have a keyhole shape and are attributed to the first, semi-legendary emperors. The study of the orientation of ancient tombs is usually a powerful tool to better understand the cognitive aspects of religion and power in ancient societies. This study has never been carried out in Japan due to the very large number of Kofun and to the fact that access to the perimeter is usually forbidden. For these reasons, to investigate Kofun orientations, simple tools of satellite imagery are used here. Our results strongly point to a connection of all Kofun entrance corridors with the arc of the sky where the Sun and the Moon are visible every day of the year; additionally, these show an orientation of the keyhole Kofun to the arc of the rising/shining Sun, the goddess that the Japanese emperors put at the mythical origin of their dynasty.

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“…The GPR data in this paper are minimally processed, on purpose, both to preserve the generality of the discussion and to provide reassurance that useful interpretations can be made without subjecting the data to an extensive technical workflow. An example of an advanced GPR workflow based on radar-signal amplitude analysis applied to a cultural heritage investigation may be found in [4]. Additionally, radar signatures could be quantitatively modeled, for instance using wave-propagation simulation software such as gprMax [5] or an equivalent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fortress Beneath: Ground Penetrating Radar Imaging of the Citadel at Alcatraz: 1. A Guide for Interpretation

et al. 2021

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Ground-penetrating radar has emerged as a prominent non-destructive evaluation tool for the study of inaccessible subsurface elements of cultural heritage structures. Often of central interest is the desire to image the remains of a pre-existing historic structure that is located directly beneath a more recently built one. The interpretation of GPR images in such cases is usually difficult due to ambiguities caused by the presence of pervasive clutter, environmental noise, and overlapping target signatures. Sites with abundant ground truth allow for more confident interpretations and serve as a useful testbed to assist similar studies at other places, where little or no ground truth is available. This study reports GPR interpretations of structures belonging to the 19th century Citadel beneath the main prison cellhouse at Alcatraz. At this site, lidar scans, direct observations, and historical documents are available to facilitate identification of radar target signatures. A general interpretation of the acquired radargrams is made in this paper, while the companion paper presents more advanced analysis of target signatures based on curvelet image processing. This study points to the development of a radar facies classification scheme that is specific to cultural heritage investigations.

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Geophysical surveys over and inside the Tobiotsuka Kofun – Okayama prefecture

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Geoforensic search to crime scene: Remote sensing, geophysics, and dogs

Geoforensic search to crime scene: Remote sensing, geophysics, and dogs

The Orientation of the Kofun Tombs

The Fortress Beneath: Ground Penetrating Radar Imaging of the Citadel at Alcatraz: 1. A Guide for Interpretation

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