Geophysical reconnaissance of earthquake-induced liquefaction features in the New Madrid seismic zone

Wolf, Lorraine W.; Collier, J.; Tuttle, Martitia P.; Bodin, Paul

doi:10.1016/s0926-9851(98)00016-0

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…As a rough estimate, however, we performed 1D modeling of a few selected individual depth soundings. Here, we point to geophysical measurements that previously have been performed to study soil liquefaction features in the New Madrid seismic zone [19,20] and in Arkansas [21].…”

Section: Geophysical Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The sinkhole enigma in the Alpine Foreland, Southeast Germany: Evidence of impact-induced rock liquefaction processes

Ernstson

Mayer²,

Neumair³

et al. 2011

Open Geosciences

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Sudden collapse of the Quaternary soil to form sinkholes on the order of meters and tens of meters has been a geologic phenomenon within living memory in a localized area north of Lake Chiemsee in Southeast Germany. Failing a satisfying explanation, a relation with an undefined glaciation process has always been proposed. Excavations and geophysical measurements at three newly affected sites show underground features such as prominent sandy-gravelly intrusions and extrusions typical of rock liquefaction processes well known to occur during strong earthquakes. Since strong earthquakes can reasonably be excluded to have affected the area under discussion, it has been suggested that the observed widespread liquefaction is related with the recently proposed Holocene Chiemgau meteorite impact event. Except for one earlier proposed but unassertive relation between impact and liquefaction, the obviously direct association of both processes in the Chiemgau area emphasizes that observed paleoliquefaction features need not necessarily have originated solely from paleoseismicity but can provide a recognizable regional impact signature.

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Section: Geophysical Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The sinkhole enigma in the Alpine Foreland, Southeast Germany: Evidence of impact-induced rock liquefaction processes

Ernstson

Mayer²,

Neumair³

et al. 2011

Open Geosciences

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“…There are few case histories of GPR applied to the investigation of seismically-induced fractures in literature. Usually, electrical resistivity and electromagnetic induction methods (Erchul and Gularte, 1982;Wolf et al, 1998;Abu-Zeid, 2016) and geotechnical approaches (such as probabilistic and deterministic cone penetration tests, Moss et al, 2006) are preferred to delineate the earthquake-induced liquefaction. A recently new non-invasive approach to liquefaction investigation based on the applicability of active seismic and passive multichannel surface wave techniques is proposed by Castellaro et al (2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GPR and high resolution seismic integrated methods to understand the liquefaction phenomena in the Mirabello Village (earthquake ML 5.9, 2012)

Baradello

Accaino

2016

Engineering Geology

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“…A number of studies have demonstrated the efficacy of geophysical imaging to locate paleoliquefaction features, particularly sand blows, including electrical and electromagnetic mapping (Wolf et al, 1998(Wolf et al, , 2006Tuttle et al, 1999), ground penetrating radar (Liu and Zhou, 2000;Liu and Li, 2001;Tatsuya et al, 2002;Hsu et al, 2005;Maruya et al, 2006;Al-Shukri et al, 2006), and borehole and cross-hole radar (Kayen et al, 2000(Kayen et al, , 2005. However, those studies were primarily directed towards locating such features as sand blows in the subsurface or changes in the physical properties associated with liquefaction, whereas such liquefaction artefacts were present on the surface as sand volcanoes after the Christchurch earthquakes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical Imaging of Subsurface Earthquake-induced Liquefaction Features at Christchurch Boys High School, Christchurch, New Zealand

Nobes

Bastin

Charlton³

et al. 2013

JEEG

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On February 22, 2011, a magnitude M w 6.2 earthquake affected the Canterbury region, New Zealand, resulting in many fatalities. Liquefaction occurred across many areas, visible on the surface as ''sand volcanoes'', blisters and subsidence, causing significant damage to buildings, land and infrastructure.Liquefaction occurred at a number of sites across the Christchurch Boys High School sports grounds; one area in particular contained a piston ground failure and an adjacent silt volcano. Here, as part of a class project, we apply near-surface geophysics to image these two liquefaction features and determine whether they share a subsurface connection. Hand auger results enable correlation of the geophysical responses with the subsurface stratigraphy.The survey results suggest that there is a subsurface link, likely via a paleo-stream channel. The anomalous responses of the horizontal loop electromagnetic survey and electrical resistivity imaging highlight the disruption of the subsurface electrical properties beneath and between the two liquefaction features. The vertical magnetic gradient may also show a subtle anomalous response in this area, however the results are inconclusive. The ground penetrating radar survey shows disruption of the subsurface stratigraphy beneath the liquefaction features, in particular sediment mounding beneath the silt ejection (''silt volcano'') and stratigraphic disruption beneath the piston failure.The results indicate how near-surface geophysics allow the characteristics of liquefaction in the subsurface to be better understood, which could aid remediation work following liquefaction-induced land damage and guide interpretation of geophysical surveys of paleoliquefaction features.

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Geophysical reconnaissance of earthquake-induced liquefaction features in the New Madrid seismic zone

Cited by 27 publications

References 8 publications

The sinkhole enigma in the Alpine Foreland, Southeast Germany: Evidence of impact-induced rock liquefaction processes

The sinkhole enigma in the Alpine Foreland, Southeast Germany: Evidence of impact-induced rock liquefaction processes

GPR and high resolution seismic integrated methods to understand the liquefaction phenomena in the Mirabello Village (earthquake ML 5.9, 2012)

Geophysical Imaging of Subsurface Earthquake-induced Liquefaction Features at Christchurch Boys High School, Christchurch, New Zealand

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