Geophysical and petrological studies of the former lead smelting waste dump in Sławków, Poland

Mendecki, Maciej J.; Warchulski, Rafał; Szczuka, Monika; Środek, Dorota; Pierwoła, Jolanta

doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2020.104080

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Apart from mining and metallurgy, Sławków was an important trade center, situated on the route connecting the east and west of Europe [36]. In the Middle Ages, the administration of industry in the Sławków region was carried out by the Archbishop of Cracow [9]. We can be certain that Ag-Pb ores were exploited and processed from the 15th to the 19th century, but it is assumed that a metallurgical industry existed in the Sławków region much earlier [9,37].…”

Section: Location and Ore Exploitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the centers of the historical metallurgical industry, we can observe remnants of metallurgical activities in the form of slags. They are a research topic in Poland [8,9] and in other European countries [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in slags, they are most often analyzed in terms of their impact on the environment [9,15,16]. Slag analysis also helps to understand the mechanism of the formation of mineral phases with an unusual chemical composition [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconstruction of 16th–17th Century Lead Smelting Processes on the Basis of Slag Properties: A Case Study from Sławków, Poland

2020

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The study focuses on the reconstruction of the technological process in the 16th–17th century lead smelter in Sławków based on chemical and petrographic analyzes of slags. There are three main types of material at the landfill: glassy, crystalline, and weathered. Glassy slags are made of amorphous phase in which crystals of pyroxene, willemite, olivine, wüstite, and lead oxide appear. Crystalline slags are composed of wollastonite, rankinite, melilite, anorthite, quartz, and Fe oxides. Weathered slags have a composition similar to glassy slags, but they also contain secondary phases: anglesite and cerussite. Chemical analyzes confirmed that the smelter used sulphide ores, which were roasted, and the main addition to the charge was quartz sand. The smelting process took place in a brick-built furnace, under reducing conditions, with varied oxygen fugacity ranging from WM to MH buffer. The slag characteristics show a knowledge of the workers in the field of smelting methods. The addition of SiO2 allowed for the binding of elements that could contaminate the obtained lead, and at the same time, the low melting point of the material (1150 °C) and the melt viscosity (logη = 1.34 for 1150 °C) was maintained, enabling the effective separation of liquid lead.

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Section: Location and Ore Exploitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconstruction of 16th–17th Century Lead Smelting Processes on the Basis of Slag Properties: A Case Study from Sławków, Poland

2020

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“…At present, geophysical surveys are correlated with detailed chemical and mineralogical studies (Mendecki et al, 2020; Nagamori et al, 2007; Warchulski et al, 2019), which permits the accurate and detailed interpretation of the areas under scrutiny.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All this research, however, has focused largely on the pollution of groundwater and surface watercourses with heavy metals (Abudeif, 2015; Hudson et al, 2018; Jarvis & Mayes, 2012; Pierwoła et al, 2020; Wynn, 2000) rather than on soil contamination. Such an approach has, moreover, been applied only rarely in industrial areas (Martin‐Crespo et al, 2011), especially with respect to studies of post‐metal mining wastes (Hudson et al, 2018; Mendecki et al, 2020; Warchulski et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of land degradation caused by historical Zn‐Pb mining using electrical resistivity tomography

et al. 2021

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Soil contamination with trace elements in mining areas still remains an urgent research problem due to their negative environmental impact that needs to be assessed. Despite the wide application of the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method to different environmental problems, it continually remains methodologically challenging in soil contamination near waste dumps of post‐metal historical mining. The aims of our study were: (1) to validate ERT measurements for detecting soil contamination by trace elements in the vicinity of a waste dump containing post‐processing spoil from Zn‐Pb ore smelting, (2) to determine the extent of soil contamination, and (3) to analyze the mineralogical, physical, and chemical properties of the soils affected. ERT enabled us to study the variability of electrical properties of soils, to locate the area of contamination, and to evaluate its spatial diversity in both. The impact of soil pollution is reflected on ERT cross‐sections in the form of electrical resistivities that decrease with increasing depth and distance from the waste dump. The respective maximum contents of Zn, Pb and Cd in the soils were 28,903, 12,407, and 136 mg kg−1. The total concentration of trace elements in soils was the highest down to a depth of 0.25 m and decreased in the order: Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd > Tl > As > Cr > Ni. The electrical resistivities of the soil samples were negatively correlated with the silty and clayey fraction content (−0.78), specific electrical conductivity (−0.75), total trace element content (−0.67), organic matter content (−0.57), and gravimetric water content (−0.53). The results also indicate that the electrical properties of the topsoil depend directly on the type of mineral components. Hydrated iron sulphates, lead sulphates, water‐bound in aluminosilicates, Fe oxides/hydroxides, and hydrated Fe, Zn, and Pb sulphates present in the soil all decrease its electrical resistivity. Our results show the impact of the mineralogical, physical, and chemical properties of the soils on the measured electrical resistivity and that including this information in the interpretation of ERT results enables non‐invasive detailed determination of soil contamination by trace elements.

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Electrical Resistivity and Induced Polarization Methods for Environmental Investigations: an Overview

Martinho

2023

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Geophysical and petrological studies of the former lead smelting waste dump in Sławków, Poland

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Reconstruction of 16th–17th Century Lead Smelting Processes on the Basis of Slag Properties: A Case Study from Sławków, Poland

Reconstruction of 16th–17th Century Lead Smelting Processes on the Basis of Slag Properties: A Case Study from Sławków, Poland

Detection of land degradation caused by historical Zn‐Pb mining using electrical resistivity tomography

Electrical Resistivity and Induced Polarization Methods for Environmental Investigations: an Overview

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