Geomorphometric variability of “monogenetic” volcanic cones: Evidence from Mauna Kea, Lanzarote and experimental cones

Kervyn, Matthieu; Ernst, Gérald; Carracedo, Juan Carlos; Jacobs, Patric

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.04.009

Cited by 82 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…According to Riedel at al. (2003) and Kervyn et al (2012), CV can be expressed as CV = 11.31H co , H co being the cone's height. The link between W co and H co has long been taken as H co /W co = 0.18 (Porter, 1972;Wood, 1980).…”

Section: Cinder Cones and Magma Volumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rift zones and magma plumbing system of Piton de la Fournaise volcano: How do they differ from Hawaii and Etna?

Michon

Ferrazzini

Muro

et al. 2015

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

122

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International audienceOn ocean basaltic volcanoes, magma transfer to the surface proceeds by subvertical ascent from the mantle lithosphere through the oceanic crust and the volcanic edifice, possibly followed by lateral propagation along rift zones. We use a 19-year-long database of volcano-tectonic seismic events together with detailed mapping of the cinder cones and eruptive fissures to determine the geometry and the dynamics of the magma paths intersecting the edifice of Piton de la Fournaise volcano. We show that the overall plumbing system, from about 30 km depth to the surface, is composed of two structural levels that feed distinct types of rift zones. The deep plumbing system is rooted between Piton des Neiges and Piton de la Fournaise volcanoes and has a N30–40 orientation. Above 20 km below sea level (bsl), the main axis switches to a N120 orientation, which permits magma transfer from the lithospheric mantle to the base of the oceanic crust, below the summit of Piton de la Fournaise. The related NW-SE rift zone is 15 km wide, linear, spotted by small to large pyroclastic cones and related lava flows and emits slightly alkaline magmas resulting from high-pressure fractionation of clinopyroxene ± olivine. This rift zone has low magma production rate of ~ 0.5–3.6 × 10 −3 m 3 s −1 and an eruption periodicity of around 200 years over the last 30 ka. Seismic data suggest that the long-lasting activity of this rift zone result from regional NNE-SSW extension, which reactivates inherited lithospheric faults by the effect of underplating and/or thermal erosion of the mantle lithosphere. The shallow plumbing system (b11 km bsl) connects the base of the crust with the Central Cone. It is separated from the deep plumbing system by a relatively large aseismic zone between 8 and 11 km bsl, which may represent a deep storage level of magma. The shallow plumbing system feeds frequent, short-lived summit and flank (NE and SE flanks) eruptions along summit and outer rift zones, respectively. Summit rift zones are very active (~0.1–0.25 m 3 s −1), short (2–3 km), and present an orthogonal pattern confined to the central active cone of Piton de la Fournaise. Outer NE and SE rift zones are much less active (~4–7.3 × 10 −3 m 3 s −1) and extend from inside the Enclos Fouqué caldera to bound the mobile eastern volcano flank. We show that the outer rift zones are almost aseismic and are genetically linked to the seaward flank displacements, whose most recent events where detected in 2004 and 2007. East flank sliding is itself triggered by shallow (b 2 km depth) sill intrusions. We propose that the subvertical magma intrusions along the perpendicular summit rift zones, sill intrusions, and subsequent magma injections along the outer rift zones are controlled by cycles of stress permutations. We thus tentatively propose that as for Piton de la Fournaise, the regional stress field acting on Etna and Hawaiian volcanoes is an important parameter in the control of the magma transfer along their deep plumbing system whereas the dyna...

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Section: Cinder Cones and Magma Volumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rift zones and magma plumbing system of Piton de la Fournaise volcano: How do they differ from Hawaii and Etna?

Michon

Ferrazzini

Muro

et al. 2015

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Recent studies have shown that morphometric variability can be influenced by factors such as pre-eruptive surface inclination, vent migration and lava outflow with associated crater breaching and the diversity of pyroclastic rocks accumulated in the flanks of these volcanic edifices (Kereszturi et al, 2012) or by the intrinsic cone material properties, time-dependent eruption conditions and the method used to estimate the cone height (Kervyn et al, 2012). Extremely juvenile scoria cones that barely exceed few thousand years in age, such as the small-volume scoria cones from Tenerife, Canary Islands, are featured with slope angles for flank sectors that differ by as much as 12° (Kereszturi et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present investigation for the scoria cone morphometry was carried out both for Harrat Rahat and HKHB by adopting the morphometric parameter-based method given by Favalli et al (2009) and Kervyn et al (2012). Certain constraints were experienced for morphometric analysis in the present study due to the resolution issue associated with the ASTER GDEM -version 2 data having a maximum 30 m resolution and vertical accuracy of 8.68 meters (Taachikawa et al, 2011) and Google Earth images; as a result, all scoria cones even with very well preserved crater could not be adequately identified.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, using a GIS-based approach, DEMs were extracted and analysed in the present study for some 87 scoria cones extending over a distance of $450 km in the middle part of LIP covering the harrats for both MMNL and HKHB. The geomorphic estimates are based on the approach described by Favalli et al (2009) and Kervyn et al (2012). Based on these results the interdependence between the slope angle estimated for all 87 scoria cones and the drainage density for the LIP is investigated next.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphometric analysis of the Scoria Cones and drainage pattern for the Quaternary and older Volcanic Fields in parts of the Large Igneous Province (LIP), Saudi Arabia

Zaidi

Mukhopadhyay

2015

Journal of African Earth Sciences

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“…In the past decade an increasing number of scientific works have addressed research questions about scoria cone degradation. Various approaches have been suggested to define and measure volcanic cone dimensions [10,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. These methods advocate measuring cone morphometric parameters to generate discrimination diagrams, as well as using volcanic slope angles as a key physical parameter to indicate typical erosion paths and relative erosional trends over time for scoria cones (on a scale of up to millions of years).…”

Section: Proposed Geositementioning

confidence: 99%

Geosite of a steep lava spatter cone of the 1256 AD, Al Madinah eruption, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Moufti

Németh²,

Murcia

et al. 2013

Open Geosciences

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UNESCO promotes geoconservation through various programs intended to establish an inventory of geologically and geomorphologically significant features worldwide that can serve as an important database to understand the Earth's global geoheritage. An ultimate goal of such projects globally is to establish geoparks that represent an integrated network of knowledge transfer opportunities, based on a specific array of geological and geomorphological sites able to graphically demonstrate how the Earth works to the general public. In these complex geoconservation and geoeducational programs, the identification of significant geological and geomorphological features is very important. These are commonly referred to as 'geosites' or 'geomorphosites', depending on whether the feature or processes the site demonstrates is more geological or geomorphological, respectively. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is an extraordinary place due to its arid climate and therefore perfect exposures of rock formations. The Kingdom is also home to extensive volcanic fields, named "harrats" in Arabic, referring particularly to the black, basaltic lava fields that dominate the desert landscape. Current efforts to increase awareness of the importance of these volcanic fields in the geological landscape of Arabia culminated in the first proposal to incorporate the superbly exposed volcanic features into an integrated geoconservation and geoeducation program that will hopefully lead to the development of a geopark named, "The Harrat Al Madinah Volcanic Geopark" [1].Here we describe one of the extraordinary features of the proposed Harrat Al Madinah Volcanic Geopark, namely a steep lava spatter cone formed during a historical eruption in 1256 AD. Keywords

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Geomorphometric variability of “monogenetic” volcanic cones: Evidence from Mauna Kea, Lanzarote and experimental cones

Cited by 82 publications

References 51 publications

Rift zones and magma plumbing system of Piton de la Fournaise volcano: How do they differ from Hawaii and Etna?

Rift zones and magma plumbing system of Piton de la Fournaise volcano: How do they differ from Hawaii and Etna?

Morphometric analysis of the Scoria Cones and drainage pattern for the Quaternary and older Volcanic Fields in parts of the Large Igneous Province (LIP), Saudi Arabia

Geosite of a steep lava spatter cone of the 1256 AD, Al Madinah eruption, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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