Geomorphology of active faulting and seismic hazard assessment: New tools and future challenges

Papanikolaou, Ioannis; Balen, R.T. van; Silva, Pablo G.; Reicherter, Klaus

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.02.024

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…No indicators for historic earthquakes that ruptured the Pisia and Skinos faults are reported, except for the 1981 events. However, it cannot rule out that additional historical events have occurred on these faults because the seismic catalogues of Greece are only considered complete for events of M 5.5–6.5 since 1911 (Papanikolaou, van Balen, et al, ).…”

Section: Seismotectonic Context Of the Eastern Corinth Rift And The Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Seismic History of the Pisia Fault (Eastern Corinth Rift, Greece) From Fault Plane Weathering Features and Cosmogenic³⁶Cl Dating

et al. 2018

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The deformation of the eastern Corinth rift (Greece) is distributed along several E-W trending active normal faults. Here the 25-km-long Pisia fault experienced up to 150 cm of coseismic displacement during the 1981 Alkyonides earthquake sequence (M = 6.7, 6.4, 6.3). Using terrestrial laser scanning, coupled with analyses of color changes, lichen colonization, and karstic features, we identify differentially weathered horizontal stripes on the exposed Pisia fault plane. The stripe boundaries occur at scarp heights of 1.10, 2.05, 2.85, 3.60, 4.15, and 5.15 m, with two additional possible boundaries at 3.10 and 4.65 m (~±0.1 m, respectively). This indicates that six to eight paleoearthquakes have exhumed the fault plane in a series of distinct coseismic slip events. A vertical profile of cosmogenic 36 Cl measurements is used to constrain age models of the exhumation. The results imply that, in addition to the last earthquake of 1981 (EQ1), exhumation events occurred at~2.0 kyr (EQ2),~3.1 kyr (EQ3),~4.5 kyr (EQ4/4a,b),~6.0 kyr (EQ5), and~7.3 kyr (EQ6/6a,b), with modeled age uncertainties of~0.7 kyr. Bayesian modeling provides a middle and late Holocene slip rate of 0.5-0.6 mm/yr (last 7.3 ± 0.7 kyr), while the upper part of the 8.45-m-high fault plane was exhumed at a higher rate of 0.8-2.3 mm/yr (7.3 ± 0.7 kyr to 10.2 ± 1.9 kyr). This slip rate variability suggests an increased seismicity or larger slip events during the early Holocene.The most frequently applied technique for earthquake analysis on limestone bedrock fault scarps is exposure dating using cosmogenic 36 Cl (e.g., Zreda & Noller, 1998). A regular and dense distribution of 36 Cl samples can MECHERNICH ET AL. 4266

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Section: Seismotectonic Context Of the Eastern Corinth Rift And The Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Seismic History of the Pisia Fault (Eastern Corinth Rift, Greece) From Fault Plane Weathering Features and Cosmogenic³⁶Cl Dating

et al. 2018

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Section: Seismotectonic Context Of the Eastern Corinth Rift And The Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

The seismic history of the Pisia fault (eastern Corinth rift, Greece) from fault plane weathering features and cosmogenic 36Cl dating

Mechernich¹,

Schneiderwind²,

Mason³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The deformation of the eastern Corinth rift (Greece) is distributed along several E-W trending active normal faults. Here, the 25-km-long Pisia fault experienced up to 150 cm of coseismic displacement during the 1981 Alkyonides earthquake sequence (M = 6.7, 6.4, 6.3). Using terrestrial laser scanning, coupled with analyses of color changes, lichen colonization and karstic features, we identify differentially weathered horizontal stripes on the exposed Pisia fault plane. The stripe boundaries occur at scarp heights of 1.10 m, 2.05 m, 2.85 m, 3.60 m, 4.15 m, and 5.15 m, with two additional possible boundaries at 3.10 m and 4.65 m (ca. ± 0.1 m respectively). This indicates that six to eight paleoearthquakes have exhumed the fault plane in a series of distinct coseismic slip events. A vertical profile of cosmogenic 36Cl measurements is used to constrain age models of the exhumation. The results imply that, in addition to the last earthquake of 1981 (EQ1), exhumation events occurred at ~2.0 kyr (EQ2), ~3.1 kyr (EQ3), ~4.5 kyr (EQ4/4a,b), ~6.0 kyr (EQ5), and ~7.3 kyr (EQ6/6a,b), with modeled age uncertainties of ~0.7 kyr. Bayesian modeling provides a mid and late Holocene slip rate of 0.5-0.6 mm/yr (last 7.3 ± 0.7 kyr), while the upper part of the 8.45-m-high fault plane was exhumed at a higher rate of 0.8-2.3 mm/yr (7.3 ± 0.7 kyr to 10.2 ± 1.9 kyr). This slip rate variability suggests an increased seismicity or larger slip events during the early Holocene.

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“…Walters et al [22] improved Wright and coworkers' results using SAR data from two look directions, reducing the range of uncertainties of slip rate and locking depth by 60%. At present, InSAR is regarded as a significant tool for tectonic geomorphology and seismic hazard assessment [25]. In this paper, InSAR observations are the major source of data for the determination of slip rate and locking depth of the ATF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interseismic Deformation of the Altyn Tagh Fault Determined by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) Measurements

Zhu

Wen

et al. 2016

Remote Sensing

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Abstract:The Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) is one of the major left-lateral strike-slip faults in the northeastern area of the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, the interseismic deformation across the ATF at 85˝E was measured using 216 interferograms from 33 ENVISAT advanced synthetic aperture radar images on a descending track acquired from 2003 to 2010, and 66 interferograms from 15 advanced synthetic aperture radar images on an ascending track acquired from 2005 to 2010. To retrieve the pattern of interseismic strain accumulation, a global atmospheric model (ERA-Interim) provided by the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast and a global network orbital correction approach were applied to remove atmospheric effects and the long-wavelength orbital errors in the interferograms. Then, the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time series with atmospheric estimation model was used to obtain a deformation rate map for the ATF. Based on the InSAR velocity map, the regional strain rates field was calculated for the first time using the multi-scale wavelet method. The strain accumulation is strongly focused on the ATF with the maximum strain rate of 12.4ˆ10´8/year. We also show that high-resolution 2-D strain rates field can be calculated from InSAR alone, even without GPS data. Using a simple half-space elastic screw dislocation model, the slip-rate and locking depth were estimated with both ascending and descending surface velocity measurements. The joint inversion results are consistent with a left-lateral slip rate of 8.0˘0.7 mm/year on the ATF and a locking depth of 14.5˘3 km, which is in agreement with previous results from GPS surveys and ERS InSAR results. Our results support the dynamic models of Asian deformation requiring low fault slip rate.

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Geomorphology of active faulting and seismic hazard assessment: New tools and future challenges

Cited by 34 publications

References 138 publications

The Seismic History of the Pisia Fault (Eastern Corinth Rift, Greece) From Fault Plane Weathering Features and Cosmogenic³⁶Cl Dating

The Seismic History of the Pisia Fault (Eastern Corinth Rift, Greece) From Fault Plane Weathering Features and Cosmogenic³⁶Cl Dating

The seismic history of the Pisia fault (eastern Corinth rift, Greece) from fault plane weathering features and cosmogenic 36Cl dating

Interseismic Deformation of the Altyn Tagh Fault Determined by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) Measurements

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Geomorphology of active faulting and seismic hazard assessment: New tools and future challenges

Cited by 34 publications

References 138 publications

The Seismic History of the Pisia Fault (Eastern Corinth Rift, Greece) From Fault Plane Weathering Features and Cosmogenic36Cl Dating

The Seismic History of the Pisia Fault (Eastern Corinth Rift, Greece) From Fault Plane Weathering Features and Cosmogenic36Cl Dating

The seismic history of the Pisia fault (eastern Corinth rift, Greece) from fault plane weathering features and cosmogenic 36Cl dating

Interseismic Deformation of the Altyn Tagh Fault Determined by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) Measurements

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Product

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The Seismic History of the Pisia Fault (Eastern Corinth Rift, Greece) From Fault Plane Weathering Features and Cosmogenic³⁶Cl Dating

The Seismic History of the Pisia Fault (Eastern Corinth Rift, Greece) From Fault Plane Weathering Features and Cosmogenic³⁶Cl Dating