Geomorphology and the Little Ice Age extent of the Drangajökull ice cap, NW Iceland, with focus on its three surge-type outlets

Brynjólfsson, Skafti; Schomacker, Anders; Inǵólfsson, Ólafur

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.01.019

Cited by 28 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In fact, these authors consider that this must be a usual process in the small Tröllaskagi glaciers. Surges, with no direct relationship to the climatic crises, were also very important in Vestfirðir (Brynjólfsson et al, 2014(Brynjólfsson et al, , 2015b. In any case, lichenometric studies of many glacial deposits in the Tröllaskagi cirques demonstrate that in the great majority of the cirques the main advance after Saksunarvatn tephra (10.2 ka) was during the LIA (Caseldine, 1987;Kugelmann, 1991;Häberle, 1991Häberle, , 1994.…”

Section: The Deglaciation Of Tröllaskagi Internal Valleys and Cirquesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Recent research carried out in Vestfirðir clarifies the situation for this peninsula, demonstrating the importance of the local ice-cap during the LGM and during the whole deglaciation of this peninsula (Principato et al, 2006;Principato and Johnson, 2009;Brynjólfsson et al, 2014Brynjólfsson et al, , 2015aHole, 2015). The ice-free areas were minimal during the LGM, but the erosion of the highest surfaces was also minimal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ice-free areas were minimal during the LGM, but the erosion of the highest surfaces was also minimal. In fact, the low erosive capacity of the ice-caps on the flat summits of Vestfirðir has recently been pointed out, as these are cold-based glaciers, compared with the intense erosive capacity of the glacial outlets channelled by the great valleys and fiords (Brynjólfsson et al, 2014(Brynjólfsson et al, , 2015aHole, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The origin of glacial alpine landscape in Tröllaskagi Peninsula (North Iceland)

Andrés

Tanarro

Fernández

et al. 2016

CIG

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Section: The Deglaciation Of Tröllaskagi Internal Valleys and Cirquesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The origin of glacial alpine landscape in Tröllaskagi Peninsula (North Iceland)

Andrés

Tanarro

Fernández

et al. 2016

CIG

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“…To date, Icelandic upland landsystem models or exemplars have related to plateau icefield settings (e.g. Brynjólfsson, Schomacker, & Ingólfsson, 2014;Evans, 2010;Evans, Twigg, & Shand, 2006, 2015a and cirque glaciers (Brynjólfsson, Ingólfsson, & Schomacker, 2013) but volcano-centred ice cap landsystems have not been assessed in a holistic way. A 1:10,526 scale map (Main Map) of Snaefellsjökull is presented here as the first landsystem exemplar of volcano-centred ice caps, relevant specifically to the Icelandic landscape but also more widely to glacierized volcanic terrains globally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snæfellsjökull volcano-centred ice cap landsystem, West Iceland

et al. 2016

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A 1:10,526 scale map of Snaefellsjökull and its forelands is presented as the first landsystem exemplar of volcano-centred ice caps, for application to understanding glacierized volcanic terrains globally. Mapping of surface materials and landforms was undertaken using orthorectified aerial photographs taken in 2002 and results of ground truth fieldwork in 2010. Nine natural surficial geology units were identified in addition to bedrock, glacier ice and made ground associated with pumice mining. The spatial distribution of landforms and sediments throughout the forelands comprises extensive areas of ice-cored moraine, developed at the limit of the Little Ice Age readvance and located distal to extensive areas of fluted till and glacially abraded bedrock with occasional eskers. This is a widely recognized landsystem signature typical of former polythermal snout conditions at the Little Ice Age maximum. Proglacially, thrust pumice sheets also occur on the east flanks of the volcano where pre-existing deformable materials were susceptible to thrust block development. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…The historical records from the region date back to the 16th century at least. Geomorphological and sedimentological studies were carried out around Drangajökull in order to reconstruct the recent glacial history from field-based evidence and assess the accuracy of the historical records (Brynjólfsson et al, 2014). We also aimed to quantify minimum ice volume changes during the LIA using geomorphological data and digital elevation models (DEMs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 300-year surge history of the Drangajökull ice cap, northwest Iceland, and its maximum during the ‘Little Ice Age’

et al. 2015

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Over the last 300 years, each of the three surge-type outlet glaciers of the Drangajökull ice cap in northwest Iceland has surged 2-4 times. There is valuable historical information available on the surge frequencies since the 'Little Ice Age' (LIA) maximum because of the proximity of the surging outlets, Reykjarfjarðarjökull, Leirufjarðarjökull and Kaldalónsjökull, to farms and pastures and monitoring of these glaciers since 1931. We have reconstructed the surge history of the Drangajökull ice cap, based on geomorphological mapping, sedimentological studies and review of historical records. Geomorphological mapping of the glacier forefields reveals twice as many end moraines as previously recognized. This indicates a higher surge interval than earlier perceived. A clear relationship between the surge interval and climate cannot be established. Surges were observed more frequently during the 19th century and the earliest 20th century compared with the relatively cool 18th century and the late 20th century, possibly reflecting a lack of information rather than a long quiescent phase of the glaciers. We have estimated the magnitude of the maximum surge events during the LIA by reconstruction of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) that can be compared with modern DEMs. As reference points for the digital elevation modelling, we used the recently mapped lateral moraines and historical information on the exposure timing of nunataks. During the LIA maximum surge events, the outlet glaciers extended 3-4 km further down-valley than at present. Their ice volumes were at least 2-2.5 km 3 greater than in the beginning of the 21st century.

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Geomorphology and the Little Ice Age extent of the Drangajökull ice cap, NW Iceland, with focus on its three surge-type outlets

Cited by 28 publications

References 45 publications

The origin of glacial alpine landscape in Tröllaskagi Peninsula (North Iceland)

The origin of glacial alpine landscape in Tröllaskagi Peninsula (North Iceland)

Snæfellsjökull volcano-centred ice cap landsystem, West Iceland

A 300-year surge history of the Drangajökull ice cap, northwest Iceland, and its maximum during the ‘Little Ice Age’

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