Geomorphological records of human activity reflected in fluvial sediments in the Carpathians and their foreland

Gębica, Piotr

doi:10.12657/landfana.022.003

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…4 m high, which was formed during the older part of the Little Ice Age. In accordance with the data on the development of the river network and the intensity of fluvial processes in the Carpathians, the accumulation of the lowest system of terraces occurred at the break of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, whereas the cutting of sediments can be correlated with the increase in flood intensities falling on the second part of the nineteenth century (Starkel 2005;Gębica 2013;Gębica et al 2016) (Fig. 9).…”

Section: Malacofauna As Indicator Of the Environmental Changessupporting

confidence: 83%

Conservation of the Natura 2000 Areas in the Context of Environmental Changes in Past and Present: a Case from the Polish Carpathians Geoheritage

Alexandrowicz

Buczek

2018

Geoheritage

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The Ecological Network Natura 2000 project has been implemented in Poland since 2004, based on the Act on Nature Conservation. The Natura 2000 areas are often distinguished by particular values of the geological heritage, and sometimes also of cultural heritage. According to the premises of the programme, natural habitat should be identified by the conditions of occurrence and mutual relationships between the abiotic and biotic elements. Despite this assumption, in many cases, their valuation and description of the abiotic features is too cursory, and sometimes, it is even lacking. The valley of the Tarnawka River in the Polish Carpathians is the selected example of a Natura 2000 area. The presented characteristic of this area constitutes a supplement to its importance in the field of geological and cultural heritage. Also documented was the history of causes and changes of the natural environment dating back to the early Middle Ages. The physiographic characteristic of the area and the results of analysing the past transformations of its environment provide very rich material. It should be useful and used not only to supplement the importance of the area but also to conduct the comparative evaluation of the current and potential changes and threats caused by natural processes but, above all, by human activities.

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Section: Malacofauna As Indicator Of the Environmental Changessupporting

confidence: 83%

Conservation of the Natura 2000 Areas in the Context of Environmental Changes in Past and Present: a Case from the Polish Carpathians Geoheritage

Alexandrowicz

Buczek

2018

Geoheritage

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“…In the Neolithic period, the natural environment of Poland’s loess uplands was subjected to pressure exerted by deforestation and development of agriculture (Kruk and Milisauskas, 1999; Nogaj-Chachaj, 2006). Starting from the Neolithic, intensive slope wash, colluviation, gullying and beginning of alluvial sediment deposition in the bottom of river valleys were recorded in many sites in the loess uplands in Poland (Gębica, 1995, 2013; Kruk et al, 1996; Michno, 2004; Poręba et al, 2013; Rodzik, 2010; Rutkowski, 1991; Śnieszko, 1995; Śnieszko and Grygierczyk, 1991; Superson et al, 2014) (Figure 7). Neolithic colluvial sediments were reported in many regions in Central Europe (Dotterweich, 2008; Dreibrodt et al, 2010b, 2013; Lang, 2003; Lang and Bork, 2006; Lang and Hӧnscheidt, 1999; Reiß et al, 2009) (Figure 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene evolution of closed depressions and its relation to landscape dynamics in the loess areas of Poland

Kołodyńska‐Gawrysiak

2019

The Holocene

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Past Pleistocene topography of the loess uplands is rich in local sinks (closed depressions (CDs)) influencing sediment fluxes. Soil-sediment sequences from CDs constituting geoarchives where landscape changes under natural and anthropogenic conditions have been recorded. Pedo-sedimentary archives from 10 CDs in the Polish loess belt and human settlements were analysed. Phases of the Holocene evolution of the CDs were correlated with landscape dynamics in loess areas in Poland and Central Europe. Phases of infilling of CDs occurring (2) from the late Boreal/early Atlantic Period until the (middle) late Bronze Age/early Iron Age and (4) since the early Middle Ages until today were documented. These were phases of long-term soil erosion and colluviation corresponding to the increasing agricultural land use of Polish loess uplands. Phases of soil formation related to geomorphic stabilization of CDs occurred (1) from the late Vistulian until the late Boreal/early Atlantic Period and (3) from the late Bronze Age/early Iron Age until the early/high Middle Ages. These were phases of decreased soil erosion and landform conservation in a considerable part of Poland’s loess areas. Pedo-sedimentary archives from the CDs have recorded soil erosion strongly related with human-induced land-use changes. The mean soil erosion rate in the catchment of CDs was 0.33 t·ha−1·yr−1 during prehistory and 4.0 t·ha−1·yr−1 during the last approximately 1000 years. Phases of CD evolution are representative for the main phases of sediment and landscape dynamics in Poland’s loess areas recorded in various archives, and are not synchronous with some of these phases in Central Europe.

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“…Its stream power amounts to 60.0-70.0 W m −2 . Gębica (2013) provided data showing that there are remains of channels from the turn of the Late Glacial and Late-Holocene, covered by a 2-4 m thick layer of younger sediments constituting river terraces. Based on sediment dating conducted by Gębica (2013) in the Dniester, Strviaż and Stryj River valleys (Ukraine), the formation of terrace levels took place at ~11,400, 5500, and 1250 cal.…”

Section: Meandering Rivers -Loess Landscapementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Petrovszki et al, 2012; Słowik et al, 2020a; Timár, 2003). Wide river valleys (5–10 km width) provided the space for the development of large-scale meanders, for example in the Tisza Valley (Hungary) (Kasse et al, 2010; Vandenberghe et al, 2018), Dniester Valley (Ukraine) (Gębica, 2013; Kołaczek et al, 2018); Sió Valley (Słowik et al, 2021), and Samara Valley (Sidorchuk et al, 2009).…”

Section: Model Of Evolution Of Anabranching and Meandering Rivers In ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of meandering and anabranching rivers in postglacial and loess landscapes of Europe

Słowik

2022

The Holocene

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This study aims to explain the influence of sediments and landforms of postglacial and loess landscapes of Europe on processes forming meandering and anabranching rivers. Based on a literature review, sedimentary architecture, types and grain-size of deposits, and channel planform changes since the Late Pleniglacial were collected for extensive set of European rivers. These data were used to create a conceptual model explaining the evolution of meandering and anabranching rivers in both types of landscape. The present study shows that the inheritance of glacial and fluvioglacial landforms and sediments, and loess formation, influence types of processes forming anabranching and meandering rivers. Point bar accretion formed meandering rivers in postglacial zone whereas oblique accretion dominated in loess areas. Anabranching rivers of postglacial zone evolved through the formation of crevasse channels and meandering anabranches. Anabranching rivers of loess zone formed sustained bifurcations. Postglacial and loess rivers reacted differently to increased deposition and humidity in the Late-Holocene. Meanders of postglacial zone formed channel bars owing to increase in stream power and sediment load. In cases of flow energy decrease, and sustained upstream sediment delivery, they turned into anastomosing rivers. Anabranching rivers in ice-marginal valleys maintained its courses until hydro technical works in the 19th century. Low-energy meandering rivers of loess areas became wetlands owing to deposition of silts. High-energy meandering and anabranching rivers maintained the planforms throughout the Holocene. These findings need to be refined by detailed studies on the evolution of rivers in subarctic zone, and large rivers of Europe.

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Geomorphological records of human activity reflected in fluvial sediments in the Carpathians and their foreland

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Conservation of the Natura 2000 Areas in the Context of Environmental Changes in Past and Present: a Case from the Polish Carpathians Geoheritage

Conservation of the Natura 2000 Areas in the Context of Environmental Changes in Past and Present: a Case from the Polish Carpathians Geoheritage

Holocene evolution of closed depressions and its relation to landscape dynamics in the loess areas of Poland

The evolution of meandering and anabranching rivers in postglacial and loess landscapes of Europe

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