Geomorphic Morphometric Differences between Populations ofSpeyeria diana(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Abstract

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Changes in the Geographic Distribution of the Diana Fritillary (<em>Speyeria diana</em>: Nymphalidae) Under Forecasted Predictions of Climate Change

“…Unlike populations in the eastern distribution, the wing shape of western populations of S. diana appears to be better adapted for lower dispersal, which is in alignment with findings that western populations of S. diana are both spatially and genetically isolated [35]. Our models predicted that the southern edge of highly suitable habitat in the west will recede by 2050; However, as was found in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, suitable habitat was predicted to expand in the higher elevations of the Ozark and Ouachita mountains of Arkansas.…”

“…Previous research using coalescent-based population divergence models dated the earliest splitting of the western population from the east at least 20,000 years ago, during the Last Glacial Maximum [34]. In addition, recent geometric morphometric evidence from the wings of S. diana further support this long-term spatial and genetic isolation [35]. In light of these pieces of evidence, we used Maxent to model the future distribution of S. diana under several future climatic scenarios, to forecast how the range of the butterfly might shift under predicted conditions.…”

“…High elevation habitat will be an important refuge for the species across the entire distribution, as the range of S. diana is already shifting to higher elevations at an estimated rate of 18m per decade [33]. Recent evidence further suggests that some S. diana populations may already be adapting to high elevations, as S. diana female forewings from high elevation populations were found to be narrower than low elevation populations, indicating that these females may be more mobile than those from low elevations with wider forewings [35].…”

“…Forecasts of large range reductions, or small overlap between current and future ranges, would suggest high vulnerability to climate change. Range reductions of any size in the western distribution would likely threaten those populations, that are genetically isolated and adapted to relatively low dispersal, with the negative effects of genetic drift [34,35].…”

EFFECT OF THE PANTANAL’S FLOODING HISTORY IN MORPHOMETRIC ASPECTS OF THE SOLITARY PARASITOID Campsomeris dorsata (HYMENOPTERA: SCOLIIDAE)

“…Due to the presence of intensity and duration of floods, host availability, nesting sites or even soil physical conditions are affecting biological aspects of the species, causing morphological variations in the venation pattern. In the literature, the different effects of environmental variations on wing shape have been well recorded for various insect groups, being related to natural variations or promoted by man as the effect of urbanization (Hoffmann & Shirriffs 2002, Hoffmann et al 2005, Roggero & Passerin d'Entrèves 2005, Aytekin et al 2007, Sadeghi et al 2009, Banaszak-Cibicka et al 2017, Wells et al 2018, assuming an important role in the genetic control of innumerable genes involved in the development process.…”