Geomorphic indices and relative tectonic uplift in the Guerrero sector of the Mexican forearc

Gaidzik, Krzysztof; Ramírez‐Herrera, María Teresa

doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2016.07.006

Cited by 55 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…71.43%) and CP (33.33%; Table , Figure ) reveal the highest uplift control of the three provinces and associated tectonic instabilities on the contrary of the lowest Ksn values (<100) in IP (28.57%) and CP (66.67%) linkable to the SW Cameroon stable areas. The Ksn values eastward rise obeys to the margin rift‐flank uplift (Andreani & Gloaguen, ; Crosby & Whipple, ; Gaidzik & Ramirez‐Herrera, ; Whipple, ; Wobus et al, ; Wobus et al, ). The lowest and western CP developed on the Douala‐Kribi/Campo sedimentary basin exhibits its active tectonics revealed by the subsidence, uplift and the active Dibamba and Kribi faults reactivations (Eloumala Onana et al, ; Nsangou et al, ; Ntepe et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Evolution of the Edea‐Eseka geomorphic units: A 'natural laboratory' of a prototype active rifting cross‐cutting the Southern Cameroon (West African) passive margin

et al. 2019

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The SW Cameroonian passive margin, a part of the Cameroon Low-Plateau, presents several topographic levels cross-cut by the Sanaga Fault (SF), Benue Triple Junction and Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL), three pre-and syn-rift tectonic features that are still active. This study carried out on the Edea-Eseka Region (EER) a portion of this margin (3 30 0 -4 N, 10 -10 55 0 E) aims to constrain the relationships between these features and the development of the morphology. Geomorphic indices, combined with field observations and supported by literature data show that the interactive activity of these structures constitutes the main force that controls the EER morphology. From West to East, EER consists of three morphotectonic units: the Coastal, Intermediate and Upper units. The Coastal unit built on the Douala-Kribi/Campo Basin (<65 Ma) and assigned to the Aptian South Atlantic rifting, exhibits low reliefs deeply incised. The Intermediate and Upper units are developed on the Nyong and Oubanguide crystallophyllian complexes during the Eburnean/Trans-Amazonian (2,400-1,750 Ma) and Pan-African (650-540 Ma) orogenies, respectively. The Intermediate unit with moderate reliefs registers a strong differential erosion, whilst the Upper unit records high-reliefs. Geomorphic indices, tectonic and recent seismic data reveal that the EER has been rejuvenated, experienced uplifts and tiltings synchronously with the main active phases of these features. The timing and magnitude of these activities vary from one unit to another. The morphotectonic model is consistent to the crucial tectonic phases: emplacement of SF (Palaeozoic), the breakup of Gondwana and erection of CVL (Cretaceous).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Evolution of the Edea‐Eseka geomorphic units: A 'natural laboratory' of a prototype active rifting cross‐cutting the Southern Cameroon (West African) passive margin

et al. 2019

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“…Minimum bulk erosion was calculated for the entire Soła catchment, as well as for the 47 analyzed tributary subcatchments. This index shows a minimum thickness of material eroded in each catchment (e.g., Giaconia et al 2012;Gaidzik and Ramírez-Herrera 2017;Ramírez-Herrera et al 2018). It was calculated as a difference between a theoretical pre-erosion surface and the DEM representing current relief, following the procedure by Brocklehurst and Whipple (2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Worldwide examples proved the usage of landscape analysis and geomorphometric indices, in particular, to quantify the tectonic deformation and derive variations in relative rock uplift across high strain rate areas, such as the western USA, Taiwan, Himalaya, Andes, forearc of subduction zones, etc. (e.g., Burbank and Anderson 2001;Whipple 2001, 2012;Keller and Pinter 2002;Gao et al 2013;Gaidzik and Ramírez-Herrera 2017;Ramírez-Herrera et al 2018;Wang et al 2019;García-Delgado and Velandia 2020), and in low strain rate areas like SE Spain (e.g., Pérez-Peña et al, 2010), the Vienna Basin and central Pannonian Basin (e.g., Ruszkiczay-Rüdiger et al 2009;Matoš et al 2013), Sudetes Mts. (e.g., Różycka and Migoń 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to date, questions on the tectonic control on the landscape development in this area have not been addressed. Moreover, we attempt to understand the response of landscape to the possible impact of neotectonic structures with a low strain rate by studying the river network, as this is the most sensitive morphological element (e.g., Font et al 2010;Gaidzik and Ramírez-Herrera 2017). For that, we calculated geomorphometric indices both, along the main rivers and their tributaries and across 47 subcatchments in the Soła River catchment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of tectonic control on the development of low mountains moderate relief in the Outer Carpathians (Southern Poland)

Godziek

Gaidzik

2020

J. Mt. Sci.

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Inherited tectonic structures, ongoing tectonic deformation, and variations in relative rock uplift rates play an important role in conditioning the processes of relief development. Their influence among other factors, such as climate and lithology, can be quantified using landscape analysis, and geomorphometric indices, in particular. The usage of landscape analysis in recent years is increasing systematically due to the constant improvement of the digital elevation models and GIS software that significantly facilitate this approach. In this study, we aim to recognize the influence of tectonic structures and processes on relief development in the low mountains with moderate relief of the Soła River catchment in the Western Outer Carpathians. To this end, we calculated geomorphometric indices (river longitudinal profile, stream-length gradient index, minimum bulk erosion, relief ratio, circulatory ratio, elongation ratio, and hypsometric integral) for the Sola River and its 47 sub-catchments using a 25-m spatial resolution Digital Terrain Elevation Data Level 2. Additionally, we identified lineaments and knickpoints and correlated the computed results with local and regional fault networks, variations in lithology, and climate fluctuations. Obtained results indicate a significant impact of inherited tectonic structures on the relief development of the Soła River catchment, i.e., directions of principal ridges and valleys follow the orientation of main folds and faults recorded in this area. Anomalously high values of minimum bulk erosion, river gradient, and stream-length gradient index allowed us to define two areas with higher relative uplift rates: 1) the Sola Gorge and 2) the Beskid Żywiecki Mts. Polish Outer Carpathians are generally considered as an area of low strain rate and low seismic activity. However, the possibility of neotectonic processes should be considered in geohazard estimations. Observed bends in the direction of river valleys that do not correspond with changes in lithology could be related to active strike-slip faults. These are probably the reactivated basement structures, copied in the thin-skinned nappe cover, as a result of the accommodation of the Mur-Žilina Fault Zone resulting from the tectonic push of the Alcapa (Alpine-Carpathian-Pannonian) microplate against the European plate. Thus, the role of recent tectonic activity in relief development of the Sola River catchment even though appears to be subsidiary at the most, should not be excluded.

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“…Tectonically active areas commonly show dramatic changes in relief, differential tectonic uplift, variations in river incision and channel gradient produced by ongoing deformation both at a regional and local scale [4,22]. Of specific interest here, the geomorphic expression of active fault-related fold structures provides a potential opportunity to decipher both fold kinematics and mechanisms of lateral growth, although data from natural examples is not abundant [4,6,15,19,23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Growth of Flexural Slip Fault-Bend and Fault-Propagation Folds and Their Geomorphic Expression

Bernal¹,

Hardy

Gawthorpe³

2018

Geosciences

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Abstract:The three-dimensional growth of fault-related folds is known to be an important process during the development of compressive mountain belts. However, comparatively little is known concerning the manner in which fold growth is expressed in topographic relief and local drainage networks. Here we report results from a coupled kinematic and surface process model of fault-related folding. We consider flexural slip fault-bend and fault-propagation folds that grow in both the transport and strike directions, linked to a surface process model that includes bedrock channel development and hillslope diffusion. We investigate various modes of fold growth under identical surface process conditions and critically analyse their geomorphic expression. Fold growth results in the development of steep forelimbs and gentler, wider backlimbs resulting in asymmetric drainage basin development (smaller basins on forelimbs, larger basins on backlimbs). However, topographies developed above fault-propagation folds are more symmetric than those developed above fault-bend folds as a result of their different forelimb kinematics. In addition, the surface expression of fault-bend and fault-propagation folds depends both on the slip distribution along the fault and on the style of fold growth. When along-strike plunge is a result of slip events with gently decreasing slip towards the fault tips (with or without lateral propagation), large plunge-panel drainage networks are developed at the expense of backpanel (transport-opposing) and forepanel (transport-facing) drainage basins. In contrast, if the fold grows as a result of slip events with similar displacements along strike, plunge-panel drainage networks are poorly developed (or are transient features of early fold growth) and restricted to lateral fold terminations, particularly when the number of propagation events is small. The absence of large-scale plunge-panel drainage networks in natural examples suggests that the latter mode of fold growth may be more common. The advective component of deformation (implicit in kink-band migration models of fault-bend and fault-propagation folding) exerts a strong control on drainage basin development. In particular, as drainage lengthens with fold growth, more linear, parallel drainage networks are developed as compared to the dendritic patterns developed above simple uplifting structures. Over the 1 Ma of their development the folds modelled here only attain partial topographic equilibrium, as new material is continually being advected through active axial surfaces on both fold limbs and faults are propagating in both the transport and strike directions. We also find that the position of drainage divides at the Earth's surface has a complex relationship to the underlying fold axial surface locations.

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Geomorphic indices and relative tectonic uplift in the Guerrero sector of the Mexican forearc

Cited by 55 publications

References 94 publications

Evolution of the Edea‐Eseka geomorphic units: A 'natural laboratory' of a prototype active rifting cross‐cutting the Southern Cameroon (West African) passive margin

Evolution of the Edea‐Eseka geomorphic units: A 'natural laboratory' of a prototype active rifting cross‐cutting the Southern Cameroon (West African) passive margin

Assessment of tectonic control on the development of low mountains moderate relief in the Outer Carpathians (Southern Poland)

Three-Dimensional Growth of Flexural Slip Fault-Bend and Fault-Propagation Folds and Their Geomorphic Expression

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