Geomorphic evolution of the Piedmont Zone of the Ganga Plain, India: a study based on remote sensing, GIS and field investigation

Goswami, Pradeep K.; Yhokha, Akano

doi:10.1080/01431160903303013

Cited by 20 publications

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“…Six distinct alluvial fans have developed in the piedmont zone of the study area (Goswami & Mishra, , , ; Goswami & Yhokha, ; Goswami et al, ; Shukla, ). From west to east, these have been named after their main contributory channels as, the Malin Fan, Banaili‐Phika Fan, Nihal Fan, Gola Fan, Nandhaur Fan, and Kalaunia Fan (Figure ).…”

Section: Geomorphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The megafans are dominantly sandy in nature, extend up to the central part of the basin, and have large areas (more than a thousand km 2 ) and gentle gradients (generally <0.5°; Chakraborty, Kar, Ghosh, & Basu, ; Geddes, ; Gohain & Parkash, ; Shukla, Singh, Sharma, & Sharma, ). On the other hand, the alluvial fans are dominantly gravelly in nature, restricted to the piedmont zone of the basin, adjoining the Himalayan‐front, and have small areas (not more than a few hundred km 2 ) and steeper gradients (up to 3°) (Goswami & Mishra, , , ; Goswami, Pant, & Pandey, ; Goswami & Yhokha, ; Shukla, ; Shukla & Bora, ). Moreover, the alluvial fans have developed in the intermegafan areas of the piedmont zone (Singh, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although few accounts of the geomorphology and active tectonics of some isolated parts of the Ganga basin's piedmont zone were presented by Nakata (), Singh et al (), and Agarwal, Singh, Sharma, Sharma, and Rajagopalan (), detailed studies of the Ganga basin's alluvial fans started only in the last 15 years, with a preliminary sedimentological account of one fan (the Gola fan) of the western Ganga basin by Shukla and Bora (). Subsequently, Goswami et al (), Goswami and Yhokha (), and Goswami and Mishra (, ) carried out geomorphological studies of the alluvial fans of the western Ganga basin between the rivers Sarda and Ganga. Shukla () and Goswami and Mishra () determined sedimentology of the Gola and Malin fans, respectively; the sedimentology of the other fans is yet to be determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. On the other hand, the alluvial fans are dominantly gravelly in nature, restricted to the piedmont zone of the basin, adjoining the Himalayan-front, and have small areas (not more than a few hundred km 2 ) and steeper gradients (up to 3°) (Goswami & Mishra, 2013, 2014a, 2014bGoswami, Pant, & Pandey, 2009;Goswami & Yhokha, 2010;Shukla, 2009;Shukla & Bora, 2003). Moreover, the alluvial fans have developed in the intermegafan areas of the piedmont zone (Singh, 1996).…”

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Controls of basin margin tectonics on the morphology of alluvial fans in the western Ganga foreland basin's piedmont zone, India

Goswami

2017

Geological Journal

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Six distinct alluvial fans have developed in the western Ganga basin's piedmont zone between the Ganga (aka Ganges) River in the west and the Sarda River in the east. The basin margin is demarked by the active Himalayan Frontal Thrust along which the Siwalik ranges are uplifted and placed over the alluvia of the Ganga basin. The 6 alluvial fans show marked morphological variances, but their morphometric parameters exhibit proportionality relationships with the “mountain‐front sinuosity index (Smf),” “stream‐gradient index (SL),” and “valley‐floor width to height ratio (Vf)” of the adjoining mountain‐front segments. Correlation and regression analyses reveal that these relationships are statistically significant. The size of the fan is directly proportional to the magnitude of Smf and inversely proportional to the magnitude of SL, whereas the fan gradient is inversely proportional to Smf. The higher the Smf and the lower the SL values, the larger and gentler is the alluvial fan. Given that the studied alluvial fans have developed in the same climatic zone and their drainage basins have similar physiographic, geologic, and climatic conditions, the morphological diversities among the alluvial fans are attributed to the tectonics of the basin margin. Moreover, statistical analyses further rule out any significant relationships of the fan size with area, or drainage density of the drainage basin. The lower values of Smf and Vf and higher values of SL indicate a more active nature and, thus, greater/faster uplift of the mountain‐front and expected deepening of the accommodation space in the adjoining basin, which favoured vertical aggradation and development of smaller and steeper alluvial fans. Conversely, the higher values of Smf and Vf and lower values of SL indicate a less active nature and, thus, relatively lower/slower uplift of the mountain‐front and thus creation of shallower accommodation space in the adjoining basin, favouring the development of larger and gentler alluvial fans.

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Section: Geomorphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controls of basin margin tectonics on the morphology of alluvial fans in the western Ganga foreland basin's piedmont zone, India

Goswami

2017

Geological Journal

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“…The megafans are dominantly sandy in nature, extend up to the central part of the Ganga Plain, and have a large spatial extent (more than a thousand square kilometres) and low gradient (generally < 0.5 • ) (Geddes, 1960;Gohain & Parkash, 1990;Shukla et al 2001;Chakraborty et al 2010). On the other hand, the alluvial fans are dominantly gravelly in nature, restricted to the piedmont zone of the Ganga Plain, and have small areas (not more than a few hundred square kilometres) and a steeper gradient (up to 3 • ) (Shukla & Bora, 2003;Shukla, 2009;Goswami, Pant & Pandey, 2009;Goswami & Yhokha, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Climatic and tectonic controls on the sedimentary processes of an alluvial fan of the western Ganga Plain, India

Goswami

Mishra

2012

Geol. Mag.

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Detailed facies analysis and morphotectonic investigations of the Malin River's alluvial fan in the western Ganga Plain, India, reveal that the morphology of the fan is largely tectonically controlled whereas the sedimentary processes are mainly climatically controlled. The sedimentation occurred in two distinct evolutionary cycles which are separated by a time gap. The older cycle deposited thick gravelly units up to the distal-fan area, whereas the sediment fill of the younger cycle is gavel-dominated in the proximal-fan area, gravel-sand dominated in the middle-fan area and sand-mud dominated in the distal-fan area. The gravels of the older cycle were emplaced by intense sediment gravity flows during periods of strengthened monsoon and steeper regional gradient. During the younger cycle, the proximal to distal parts of the fan were dominated by different sedimentary processes. This was a time of relatively weaker monsoon and gentler regional slopes, when gravels could travel only up to the middle-fan area. The gravels in the proximal-fan area have mainly been deposited by sediment gravity flows and channel processes; in the middle-fan area channel processes, sheetfloods and sediment gravity flows have been the main sedimentary processes; and in the distal-fan area fluvial processes of channel migration and overbank deposition have been the main sedimentary processes.

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Late Quaternary deformation in parts of the Belt of Schuppen of Dimapur and Peren districts, Nagaland, NE India

et al. 2019

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Geomorphic evidences and geochronology suggest recent tectonic activity in the Belt of Schuppen of Dimapur and Peren districts of Nagaland. Multiple levels of strath terraces forming remarkable geomorphic expressions are observed along the Chathe and Jharnapani river valleys. They indicate episodic uplift of the hanging-wall blocks of the thrust systems. The major lineaments prominently trend parallel to the NE-SW regional thrusts, some being perpendicular or oblique. Active normal faults displacing bedrock and overlying fill sediments point to recent tectonic activity. The parallel and trellis drainage patterns are lineament-controlled. Uplift of the terrain is evident from successive palaeochannels of the Chathe River younging towards the southwest.Three major aggradational phases of the terrace sediments are inferred from optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) chronology, the oldest beginning around 21 ka, the second around 11-7 ka, and the youngest between 3.5 and 1 ka. A sand lens of a tilted strath terrace exposed between Kukidolong and Chumukedima is dated at 7 ka, indicating tectonic events after 7 ka. Five major phases of bedrock uplift/incision have been estimated during 20 ka (0.13 mm/year), 11 ka (0.92 mm/ year), 9 ka (2.29 mm/year), 6 ka (0.67 mm/year), and 1.8 ka (2.6 mm/year). Transverse topographic symmetry and asymmetry factor data suggest tilting towards the NE and SW. Other morphometric indices, such as channel sinuosity, stream length gradient index, valley floor to valley height ratio, and mountain front sinuosity, suggest that the area is tectonically active, which corroborates field observations.

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Geomorphic evolution of the Piedmont Zone of the Ganga Plain, India: a study based on remote sensing, GIS and field investigation

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

Controls of basin margin tectonics on the morphology of alluvial fans in the western Ganga foreland basin's piedmont zone, India

Controls of basin margin tectonics on the morphology of alluvial fans in the western Ganga foreland basin's piedmont zone, India

Climatic and tectonic controls on the sedimentary processes of an alluvial fan of the western Ganga Plain, India

Late Quaternary deformation in parts of the Belt of Schuppen of Dimapur and Peren districts, Nagaland, NE India

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