Geomorfološka obilježja Danilskog polja kod Šibenika kao osnova historijsko-geografskog razvitka

Abstract

Suitable agriculture zones in karst regions have extraordinary significance for the inhabitants’ existence. Danilsko polje, one of such zones, is situated in microregion of Šibenik-Rogoznica littoral, in Šibenik hinterland, Croatia. Danilsko polje is, morphologically, an oval shaped valley placed between two karst ridges, the extension of Trtar with Velika Glava (542 m) from north-northeast, and significantly lower Crno Brdo with Podi from southsouthwest in the area of Danilo Biranj and Danilo Gornje settlements. Due to high soil quality, the cultivation of polje is the process that has lasted for thousands of years. Polje is characterized by scarce water sources, which were, nevertheless, very important for the survival of population in the past.The Neolithic population, whose traces have been preserved in the remains of famous middle Neolithic culture on the Adriatic, so called Danilo culture (4500 BC - 3900 BC), had been the first farmers of Danilsko polje. Later settlers from Metal Age had fortified themselves at peak Gradina, so they could easily control the polje from their hill-fort. Roman conquerors founded their municipium Rider in the central part of Danilsko polje, and valorized its natural- geographical potentials. From numerous nations who passed through during the Great Migrations Croats were the only ones who settled down and continued to valorize polje and surrounding karst area for practising transhumance which they depended on since they were agricultural-cattle rising society. During High and Late Middle Ages, Danilsko polje was in possession of the Commune of Šibenik, well-known for cultivation of vineyards, olive trees and cereals. Long-lasting period of unstable geopolitical conditions began with Ottoman conquest and with formation of their strongholds in Skradin and Drniš. It was only after 20s of 18th century that the war turmoil ceased, and after that, to a certain extent, the colonization of deserted areas started as well in that of Danilsko polje. Ever since, practically until today, the main feature of Danilsko polje has been traditional crop production in various conditions of agrotechnical cultivation