Geometry of the humeroulnar joint

Shiba, Ryoichi; Sorbie, Charles; Siu, D.; Bryant, J. T.; Cooke, T. D. V.; Wevers, H.W.

doi:10.1002/jor.1100060614

Cited by 119 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Our results refute those of Shiba et al (1988), who worked out the geometry of the humero-ulnar joint by image-analysing photographs of thin sagittal sections. These authors certainly admitted the existence of different radii of curvature between the articular surfaces of the olecranon and coronoid process, but, unlike us, came to the conclusion that there is a certain "sloppiness" between humerus and ulna which must depend upon the greater diameter of the trochlear notch in comparison with the trochlea itself.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Physiological incongruity of the humero-ulnar joint: a functional principle of optimized stress distribution acting upon articulating surfaces?

et al. 1993

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Abstract.Investigations into the distribution of subchondral bone density in the human elbow have suggested that the geometry of the trochlear notch deviates from a perfect fit with the trochlea, and that the load is transmitted ventrally and dorsally rather than through the centre of the humero-ulnar joint. We therefore decided to make a quantitative assessment of the degree of incongruity between the two components in 15 human specimens (age distribution 60 to 93 years) with different types of joint surface. Polyether casts of the joint cavity were prepared under loads of 10, 40, 160 and 640 N. The thickness of the casts was then measured at 50 predetermined points, and an area distribution of the width of the joint space represented in a two-dimensional template of the trochlear notch. The reproducibility of this procedure was tested by image analysis. At a load of 10 N, only a narrow space was present ventrally and dorsally in the joint, but in the depths of the trochlear notch a width of 0.5 to 1 mm was recorded in the centre, and up to 3 mm at its medial and lateral edges. Specimens with continuous articular cartilage showed a lower degree of incongruity than those with a divided articular surface. As the load was increased to 640 N, however, the original incongruity between the articular surfaces disappeared almost completely. The joint surfaces became more congruous, probably because of the viscoelastic properties of the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone, and the contact areas merged in the centre of the joint. It is suggested that this physiological incongruity brings about an optimal distribution of stress over the articular surface during the transmission of the load, and it may lead to better nourishment of the articular cartilage by providing intermittent mechanical stimulation and circulation of the synovial fluid.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Physiological incongruity of the humero-ulnar joint: a functional principle of optimized stress distribution acting upon articulating surfaces?

et al. 1993

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“…The mechanical interface, or gimbal, between the subject and the HM component of the ACT 3D was locked to constrain movements to a plane such that during reaching or retrieving movements, the subject's arm and hand were in line with the center of rotation of the shoulder, thus preventing internal and external rotation at the shoulder. Subjects were manually placed in an initial position of 90° elbow flexion and 40° shoulder flexion using the acromium, ulnar and radial epicondyles, and the distal end of the third phalanx as anatomical landmarks (Zatsiorsky and Seluyanov 1985;Shiba et al 1988) with a goniometer. Custom software calculated the position of the shoulder and a display of an avatar of the arm was adjusted to mimic the subject's view of their actual arm configuration.…”

Section: Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoulder abduction-induced reductions in reaching work area following hemiparetic stroke: neuroscientific implications

2007

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A stroke-related loss of corticospinal and corticobulbar pathways is postulated to result in an increased use of remaining neural substrates such as bulbospinal pathways as individuals with stroke are required to generate greater volitional shoulder abduction torques. The effect of shoulder abduction on upper extremity reaching range of motion (work area) was measured in 18 individuals with stroke using the Arm Coordination Training 3-D (ACT 3D ) device. This robotic system is capable of quantifying movement kinematics when a subject attempts to reach while simultaneously generating various levels of active shoulder abduction torque. We have provided data demonstrating an incremental increase of abnormal coupling of elbow flexion for greater levels of shoulder abduction in the paretic limb that results in a reduction in available work area as a function of active limb support. The progressive increase in the expression of abnormal shoulder/elbow coupling can be explained by a progressive reliance on the indirect cortico-bulbospinal connections that remain in individuals following a stroke-induced brain injury.

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“…The BIC was set to begin 1.1 cm proximal to the joint center in order to control for insertion point, which was fixed 4.51 cm distal to the axis of rotation (capitulum). This was assumed to be approximately the center of the insertion site, as the capitulum has a 1.06 cm radius (Shiba et al, 1987), the bicipital tuberosity is 2.5 cm distal from the radial head, and the insertion site is 2.2 cm long (Mazzocca et al, 2006). As per the MRIs, the muscle belly was set to end 11.2 cm proximal to the elbow joint.…”

Section: Development Of the Musculotendinous Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical implications of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy: A musculoskeletal model

2015

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Muscle hypertrophy and atrophy occur frequently as a result of mechanical loading or unloading, with implications for clinical, general, and athletic populations. The effects of muscle hypertrophy and atrophy on force production and joint moments have been previously described. However, there is a paucity of research showing how hypertrophy and atrophy may affect moment arm (MA) lengths. The purpose of this model was to describe the mathematical relationship between the anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) of a muscle and its MA length. In the model, the ACSAs of the biceps brachii and brachialis were altered to hypertrophy up to twice their original size and to atrophy to one-half of their original size. The change in MA length was found to be proportional to the arcsine of the square root of the change in ACSA. This change in MA length may be a small but important contributor to strength, especially in sports that require large joint moments at slow joint angular velocities, such as powerlifting. The paradoxical implications of the increase in MA are discussed, as physiological factors influencing muscle contraction velocity appear to favor a smaller MA length for high velocity movements but a larger muscle MA length for low velocity, high force movements.

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Geometry of the humeroulnar joint

Cited by 119 publications

References 11 publications

Physiological incongruity of the humero-ulnar joint: a functional principle of optimized stress distribution acting upon articulating surfaces?

Physiological incongruity of the humero-ulnar joint: a functional principle of optimized stress distribution acting upon articulating surfaces?

Shoulder abduction-induced reductions in reaching work area following hemiparetic stroke: neuroscientific implications

Biomechanical implications of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy: A musculoskeletal model

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