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Introduction. The study of working processes of row crop seeders, their improvement, increase in productivity and (or) quality of work are topical agroengineering tasks. Aim of the Article. The article deals with developing proposals to optimize the design of vacuum mechanisms for row crop seeders based on the analysis of the laws of the process of dosing sunflower and corn seeds by suction holes of the seed discs. Materials and Methods. The operation characteristics of the vacuum seeding mechanism depend on the diameter of the suction holes and the rarefaction in the vacuum chamber. Hypothetically, it can be assumed that with a constant calculated value of the suction force, it is possible to choose a ratio of these characteristics in which the number of skips and group feeding of seeds will not exceed the tolerance of agro-requirements. Verification of this assumption was carried out experimentally in laboratory conditions. Results. There were found polynomials describing with a fair degree of accuracy the dependence of formation of group feedings of sunflower and corn seeds on the diameter of suction holes. Discussion and Conclusion. The frequency of group feeding of the seeds less than 0.05% will be achieved with suction hole diameters of about 0.8 mm for sunflower and about 1.9 mm for corn. In this case, the values of rarefaction in the vacuum chamber must be 31–56 kPa that exceeds the capabilities of the pneumatic systems of existing row seeders. Accordingly, the modernization of the seeding mechanisms of vacuum row seeders by reducing the diameter of the suction holes should be accompanied by additional improvements aimed at increasing their gripping ability.
Introduction. The study of working processes of row crop seeders, their improvement, increase in productivity and (or) quality of work are topical agroengineering tasks. Aim of the Article. The article deals with developing proposals to optimize the design of vacuum mechanisms for row crop seeders based on the analysis of the laws of the process of dosing sunflower and corn seeds by suction holes of the seed discs. Materials and Methods. The operation characteristics of the vacuum seeding mechanism depend on the diameter of the suction holes and the rarefaction in the vacuum chamber. Hypothetically, it can be assumed that with a constant calculated value of the suction force, it is possible to choose a ratio of these characteristics in which the number of skips and group feeding of seeds will not exceed the tolerance of agro-requirements. Verification of this assumption was carried out experimentally in laboratory conditions. Results. There were found polynomials describing with a fair degree of accuracy the dependence of formation of group feedings of sunflower and corn seeds on the diameter of suction holes. Discussion and Conclusion. The frequency of group feeding of the seeds less than 0.05% will be achieved with suction hole diameters of about 0.8 mm for sunflower and about 1.9 mm for corn. In this case, the values of rarefaction in the vacuum chamber must be 31–56 kPa that exceeds the capabilities of the pneumatic systems of existing row seeders. Accordingly, the modernization of the seeding mechanisms of vacuum row seeders by reducing the diameter of the suction holes should be accompanied by additional improvements aimed at increasing their gripping ability.
Introduction. The performance of precision seeders depends on many factors, including the functionality of their dosing systems, the modernization of which is possible only on the basis of patterns, which allows forecasting the indicators of single seed placing into a furrow.Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at analyzing the influence of the diameter of the suction holes of seed-placing units and the rarefaction created in them on the characteristics of placing seeds of the main row crops.Materials and Methods. The results of the study were obtained based on a series of experiments on sowing corn and sunflower seeds using an MS-8 seeder, the operation principle of which can be considered typical for vacuum seed-placing units.Results. There have been obtained empirical dependences of the particular features of zero and group placing seeds of such row crops as corn and sunflower on the area of the suction holes and the rarefaction in the vacuum chamber.Discussion and Conclusion. The quantitative estimates obtained may differ for seeds of the same crop, but having different technological properties. The general factor is that the frequency of missing seeds is proportional to the suction force magnitude in the working plane of the metering element, regardless of its area. At the same time, the probability of double seed placing depends on the area of the metering ports with a constant suction force, a decrease in their diameter leads to a decrease in the frequency of double seed placing. The data obtained allow considering joint variations in the magnitude of the rarefaction in the vacuum chamber and the diameter of the suction holes as effective tools for improving the seed placing quality.
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