Geometry-Based Stochastic Line-of-Sight Probability Model for A2G Channels Under Urban Scenarios

Abstract

Path probability prediction is essential to describe the dynamic birth and death of propagation paths, and build the accurate channel model for air-to-ground (A2G) communications. The occurrence probability of each path is complex and timevariant due to fast changeable altitudes of UAVs and scattering environments. Considering the A2G channels under urban scenarios, this paper presents three novel stochastic probability models for the line-of-sight (LoS) path, ground specular (GS) path, and building-scattering (BS) path, respectively. By analyzing the geometric stochastic information of three-dimensional (3D) scattering environments, the proposed models are derived with respect to the width, height, and distribution of buildings. The effect of Fresnel zone and altitudes of transceivers are also taken into account. Simulation results show that the proposed LoS path probability model has good performance at different frequencies and altitudes, and is also consistent with existing models at the low or high altitude. Moreover, the proposed LoS and NLoS path probability models show good agreement with the ray-tracing (RT) simulation method.Index Terms-air-to-ground (A2G) channels, stochastic path probability, Fresnel zone, channel model, ray-tracing (RT) I. INTRODUCTIONU NMANNED aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used in aerial photography, disaster rescue, and other fields due to small size, low cost, and easy deployment [?],[1]- [5]. The air-to-ground (A2G) communication technology provides important support for space-ground integrated communication networks [7]- [12]. However, the dynamic birth and

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Implementation of Digital Signal Processor for Pulse Doppler Radar

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