“…In quantum systems, one of the theoretical frameworks widely used for open systems is the quantum master equation (QME) [1], an equation of motion for the density matrix of the system. In fact, the QME is used in various fields of physics: e.g., quantum optics [1,2], nuclear magnetic resonance [3], electron transfer in chemical physics and biophysics [4,5], heat transport [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14], electronic transport in mesoscopic conductors [15,16,17,18,19], spin transport [20], and nonequilibrium thermodynamics and statistical physics [21,22,23,24,25]. Therefore, the QME is a reliable approach to investigating NESS in various systems (c.f.…”