Geometric morphometrics on juvenile crania: Exploring age and sex variation in an Australian population

Noble, Jacqueline; Cardini, Andrea; Flavel, Ambika; Franklin, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.10.022

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Ontogenetic trajectory has been developed as a methodology to assess the developmental differences between species and compare the divergent growth processes when assessing ancestry (Klingenberg, 1998). Ontogenetic trajectories are often created by connecting juvenile to adult data points; however, the inclusion of seven age‐cohorts in our ontogenetic trajectories provided an additional time‐depth to our analysis similar to the research completed on the juvenile crania from a population in Australia (Noble et al, 2019). As a result, we were able to identify similarities and differences throughout the stages of development in the growth trends between males and females (Figure 1) and their ontogenetic trajectories (Figure 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This test allowed the determination of significant morphological differences between the sexes and between the age‐cohorts as well as determined if there are significant differences in the pattern of morphological changes over time in males from females. The sex‐specific ontogenetic trajectories for each cervical vertebra were created using the seven age‐cohorts to provide greater time depth to the analysis than the two cohort trajectories commonly used in previous research (Noble, Cardini, Flavel, & Franklin, 2019). For each age‐cohort, the average male and female PC1 and PC2 scores were calculated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental morphology of the cervical vertebrae and the emergence of sexual dimorphism in size and shape: A computed tomography study

Miller

Hwang

Cotter³

et al. 2020

The Anatomical Record

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Cervical vertebral bodies undergo substantial morphological development during the first two decades of life that are used clinically to visually determine skeletal maturation with the cervical vertebral maturation index (CVMI). CVMI defines six stages that capture the morphological transformations from 6 years to 18 years. However, CVMI has poor reproducibility given its qualitative nature and does not account for sexual dimorphism. This study aims to quantify the morphological development of the cervical vertebral bodies C2–C7 in size (height and depth) and shape and examine the emergence of sexual dimorphism. Using 115 (70 M;45F) computed tomography studies from typically developing individuals ages 6 months to 20 years, landmarks were placed at the margins of the C2–C7 cervical vertebral bodies in the midsagittal plane for size and shape analysis. Findings revealed a dichotomy in the growth trends of height versus depth. The C2–C7 growth in depth gained the majority of the adult size by age 5 years, while the C3–C7 growth in height displayed two periods of accelerated growth during early childhood and puberty. Significant sex differences were found in height and depth growth trends and the form‐space ontogenetic trajectories during puberty, with minor but evident differences emerging at age 3 years. Female C2–C7 depth measures were smaller than males at all ages. However, sex differences in height became evident due to males continuing to grow after females reach maturity. Findings quantify the morphological developmental stages of CVMI and emphasize the need to account for sex differences when assessing skeletal maturation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental morphology of the cervical vertebrae and the emergence of sexual dimorphism in size and shape: A computed tomography study

Miller

Hwang

Cotter³

et al. 2020

The Anatomical Record

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“…The accuracy attributed to age estimation using computed tomography (CT) has been validated through baseline studies (e.g. (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)). Recent research has applied the Suchey-Brooks method in the assessment of the symphysis in CT images (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Pubic Symphysis Metamorphosis Based on the Analysis of Clinical MDCT Scans in a Contemporary Malaysian Population

Hisham

Abdullah

Noor

et al. 2019

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Forensic age estimation methods are biased to sex and population; in general, accuracy is reduced when applied to foreign populations. This study assessed the accuracy of the Suchey–Brooks method in contemporary Malaysian individuals and aimed to formulate population‐specific standards. Multi‐detector computed tomography scans of 355 individuals (165 male; 190 female) of 15–83 years of age were reconstructed using 3D‐volumetric rendering in RadiAnt. Pubic symphyseal phase, bias, inaccuracy, and percentage correct age classifications are examined. Transition analysis was used to develop age estimation standards. High observer agreement (κ = 0.763–0.832) and a positive relationship between age and pubic symphyseal phase (r = 0.884–0.90) were demonstrated. Mean inaccuracies were 8.62 and 8.95 years for males and females, respectively; overall correct classification was 97.8%. Transition ages between phases in males were 18.79, 23.29, 28.85, 43.64, and 61.15 years; in females, the corresponding data were 19.77, 22.53, 32.62, 41.85, and 57.39 years.

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“…Furthermore, they argue that differences in brain morphology may originate from weight differences between the sexes; studies have shown that there are regional differences even after weight correction 23 . Phenotypic sex is systematically related to brain asymmetry 24 . Gender differences in cognitive function have also been demonstrated, many studies coincide in their results, where there is an advantage for women in tests of verbal fluency and psychomotor speed and the advantage of men in the visual-spatial aspect 25 .…”

Section: Morphometry and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain morphometry in adult: volumetric visualization as a tool in image processing

Hernandez-Cortés¹,

Mesa-Pujals²,

García-Gómez³

et al. 2021

RMN

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Brain morphometry is the discipline that provides tools for the measurement of the structural properties of the brain according to the type of imaging data used, characterizing focal brain morphology, functioning, and neurodegenerative processes related to age and gender, as well as local morphological alterations in neurological and psychiatric disorders. An overview of the influence of age and gender on brain morphometry will be provided. An analysis of the scientific literature on some neuroimaging techniques, their potential in the diagnosis of degenerative diseases and the experience of their use in Cuba is presented. Concepts such as: brain morphometry and its main techniques, volumetric and its objective in the field of medicine will be reaffirmed. Image segmentation methods and their clinical correlation will be addressed. The studies that were included in this review are current and located in the Science Direct, PubMed, and SciELO databases; original research reports were considered and the review of specialized books and review articles were included given their relevance in the field. It is concluded that age and sex are factors that affect brain morphometry. Medical imaging is an effective way to look at the anatomy of the brain. Voxel-based morphometric studies detect structural changes in healthy and pathological stages of life. Volumetric visualization is a tool that provides useful information related to the patient and their care. However, there are problems with the uniformity of image segmentation algorithms.

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Geometric morphometrics on juvenile crania: Exploring age and sex variation in an Australian population

Cited by 24 publications

References 53 publications

Developmental morphology of the cervical vertebrae and the emergence of sexual dimorphism in size and shape: A computed tomography study

Developmental morphology of the cervical vertebrae and the emergence of sexual dimorphism in size and shape: A computed tomography study

Quantification of Pubic Symphysis Metamorphosis Based on the Analysis of Clinical MDCT Scans in a Contemporary Malaysian Population

Brain morphometry in adult: volumetric visualization as a tool in image processing

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