Geometric morphometric analysis of malocclusion on lateral cephalograms in Malaysian population

Choy, Ker Woon; Jamal, Nurul Aiman Abu; Noor, Muhamad Nasim Ilmi Mohd; Abdullah, Syiral Mastura; Ibrahim, Nurjehan Mohamed; Norman, Noraina Hafizan; Alias, Aliza

doi:10.5115/acb.19.118e

Cited by 3 publications

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“…In addition, in CVA, the highest Mahalanobis distances and Procrustes distances were exhibited by Class II and III among skeletal patterns and showed significant differences between Class II and III skeletal patterns ( p < 0.0001). These findings are in agreement with previous studies which evaluated dental and skeletal relations, which were conducted on Malaysian sample, 27 Chilean sample, 28 and Caucasian sample 29 ; therefore, this study findings support a separate and distinct soft-tissue patterns shape for different patterns and relations especially for Class II and III with a negligible shape similarity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In the present study, the shape and size analyses of soft-tissue patterns were conducted for all skeletal patterns (Class I, II, and III). In PCA, different skeletal patterns showed 18 PCs or variances ( Table 3 ), which indicated that variances existed in 18 different dimensions, while a previous study on the Malaysian population 27 based on GMM showed 14 PCs and due to the number and type of landmarks that were used, there were differences between this study result and their result. Woon et al 27 used nine hard-tissue landmarks, while this study used 11 soft-tissue landmarks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The result of this study revealed that the difference between skeletal patterns is because of shape variability and not the size which resembled previous studies that also used the GMM on dental and skeletal patterns. [27][28][29] CVA in the present study showed the shape differences between different sagittal skeletal patterns. The shapes of different skeletal patterns were overlapping, as Class I was located between Class II and III.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Soft-Tissue Analysis of Different Sagittal Skeletal Patterns Using the Geometric Morphometric Method

et al. 2022

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Objectives This study aimed to investigate the size and shape variations of soft-tissue patterns in different sagittal skeletal patterns using the geometric morphometrics method (GMM) obtained from lateral cephalograms. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study, where the sample comprised of 188 Malaysian Malay subjects aged between 18 and 40 years and with different sagittal skeletal patterns. Overall, 71 males and 117 females were gathered for all size and shape analyses. This study incorporated 11 soft-tissue landmarks, which underwent landmark application using tpsDig2 software version 2.31, while the shape analysis was done using MorphoJ software version 1.07a. Statistical Analysis Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. The result of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed significant differences in some of the parameters between the landmarks. Length D, Length E, Length F, Length H, and Length I showed significant differences (p < 0.05), while other parameters showed no difference (p > 0.05). Results The shape variation of soft-tissue landmarks in different skeletal patterns existed in 18 different dimensions which showed by 18 principal components (PCs). Procrustes ANOVA and canonical variate analysis showed the size and shape differences of soft-tissue patterns between Class II and III and gender groups (p < 0.0001). In discriminant function analysis for Class II subjects, the classification accuracy was 98.4%, whereas subsequent to cross-validation, the classification accuracy was 90.6%. For Class III subjects, the classification accuracy was 96.6%, while after cross-validation, the classification accuracy was 90%. Conclusion Different sagittal skeletal patterns demonstrated different soft-tissue shape variations. Class III showed the most protrusive upper and lower lips, while Class II demonstrated the most retrusive lower lip.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Soft-Tissue Analysis of Different Sagittal Skeletal Patterns Using the Geometric Morphometric Method

et al. 2022

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“…Majority of studies employ conventional linear and angular measurements as an assessment tool. As MS is curved and round, linear measurements will have limitations in defining and describing the actual shape of MS. Studies also show that conventional cephalometric study based on angular and linear measurements were insufficient to analyse shape changes of complex anatomical forms such as craniofacial complex [20,21]. Besides, size is usually the confounder in statistical analysis [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometric morphometric analysis of mandibular symphysis in Class III skeletal base

et al. 2022

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This study aimed to investigate the general mandibular symphysis (MS) shape variation among Class III skeletal base, using geometric morphometric analysis. Pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 254 patients aged 11-40 years old, with Class III skeletal base (ANB <1 o ) and lower incisor angle (<99 o ) were included. Nine-landmarks with x and y coordinates were identified on MS using TPSDig2 software, then exported into Morpho J for shape and statistical analysis. Principal component analysis showed that three main shape dimensions with a total variance of 74.6% represented the majority variation of samples. Procrustes Anova showed the shape of MS in Class III skeletal base to be mainly influenced by gonial angle, incisor inclination and sex (P<0.0001). Canonical variate analysis showed that high gonial angle groups had significantly narrower and elongated MS whereas low gonial angle groups had wider, bulbous and rounded MS (P<0.0001). The ratio of alveolar part to basal part was 1:5 in low gonial angle and 2:3 in high gonial angle. Males had significantly taller MS with narrower B point area compared to females (P<0.0001). Retroclined incisors exhibited taller and retroclined alveolar parts (P<0.0001). The shape of MS in Class III skeletal base varied at the alveolar part, basal part or both and it is influenced by gonial angle, incisor inclination and sex. Hence, understanding the shape variation of MS is important to aid orthodontic treatment planning.

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“…Geometric morphometric analysis, a measurement approach that uses Cartesian landmarks to distinguish between differences in shapes, has long been used in anthropology 13 . More recently, this system has been applied to analyze differences between normal and abnormal shape features on medical imaging 14,15 . Compared to qualitative descriptions of shape, this method provides a more rigorous approach by using discrete landmarks to capture distinct shape differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometric analysis of the urethral‐vaginal interface curvature in women with and without stress urinary incontinence: A pilot magnetic resonance imaging study

Hong

Sheyn

Sammarco

et al. 2021

Neurourology and Urodynamics

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Aims: To evaluate differences in the curvature of the urethral-vaginal interface in women with and without stress urinary incontinence (SUI) using geometric morphometric analysis techniques. Methods:We conducted a pilot case-control study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 18 women with and without SUI. The urethral-vaginal interface at the level of the mid-urethra was fitted with a second-order polynomial regression. The chord length and chord-to-vertex length of the resulting parabolic curve were used to calculate the arc length and radius of a circular arc fitted to the interface curvature. Demographic characteristics and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) parameters were collected.Subjects were stratified by those with and without SUI, as well as by those with and without anterior wall prolapse beyond 2 cm proximal to the hymen (Aa > −2 cm). Results:The radius of the urethral-vaginal interface curvature was not found to be different between subjects with and without SUI (8.8 vs. 9.2 mm, p = 0.53); however, this value was smaller in subjects with Aa > −2 (8.4 vs. 11.9 mm, p = 0.03). The chord length, chord-to-vertex length, and arc length comprising the urethral-vaginal interface curvature were similar between subjects with and without SUI, and between subjects with and without Aa > −2 cm (p > 0.05 for all).Conclusions: In this pilot study population, the radius of the urethral-vaginal interface curvature at the mid-urethra was smaller among women with anterior vaginal wall prolapse beyond 2 cm proximal to the hymen. A difference in the urethral-vaginal interface curvature among women with and without SUI was not found.

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Geometric morphometric analysis of malocclusion on lateral cephalograms in Malaysian population

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Soft-Tissue Analysis of Different Sagittal Skeletal Patterns Using the Geometric Morphometric Method

Soft-Tissue Analysis of Different Sagittal Skeletal Patterns Using the Geometric Morphometric Method

Geometric morphometric analysis of mandibular symphysis in Class III skeletal base

Geometric analysis of the urethral‐vaginal interface curvature in women with and without stress urinary incontinence: A pilot magnetic resonance imaging study

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