We review here some conventional as well as less conventional aspects of the time-independent and time-dependent Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) theory and of its connections with Quantum Mechanics. Less conventional aspects involve the HJ theory on the tangent bundle of a configuration manifold, the quantum HJ theory, HJ problems for general differential operators and the HJ problem for Lie groups.2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 70H20, 70S05, 70FXX, 70HXX. Contents 1 This method was first introduced in the discussion of problems in wave propagation by lord Rayleigh back in 1912 and then applied to wave mechanics by H.Jeffreys in 1923 and, later on and simultaneously, by L.Brillouin, H.A.Kramers and G.Wentzel in 1926. 2 Many authors [42] prefer to incorporate the prefactor A into the definition of S, writing then: ψ (x.t) = exp(iS (x, t) / , where the S of Eq.(16) is replaced by S − i ln A and is no more real. 6 G. MARMO G. MORANDI AND N. MUKUNDA (with both A and S real). Substituting into the Schrödinger equation, one ends up with the (exact) coupled equations [22]:Received xxxx 20xx; revised xxxx 20xx.