“…Nontypical amphiphiles include polymers, carbonaceous compounds (carbon nanotubes and graphene), silica, other inorganic and organic−inorganic hybrid materials. Examples of inorganic and organic−inorganic materials are macrocyclic molecules, 260−265 dendrimers, 266,267 silica, 268−271 carbon-based particles, 272 black phosphorus, 273 clay nanosheets, 274 magnetic soft spheres, 275 gold nanoparticles, 276 CdS nanoparticles/quantum dots, 277,278 ionic liquids, 279−282 diureasil hybrid compounds, 283,284 and inorganic nanowires. 285 Since Sections 6 and 7 will cover considerable work on LB films of nontypical amphiphiles, in this section, we restrict ourselves to providing a general discussion of the challenges and opportunities in producing such Langmuir and LB films.…”