Geometric approach to evaluate the energy/protein balance in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum ): Can fish ensure nutritional intake targets by postingestion signals?

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) to balance the energy (E) and protein (P) ratio by encapsulated diets (without sensory properties). Thirty fish (71.37 ± 2.58 g) were distributed in six 250-litre tanks.

Benefits of Virgin Coconut Oil in Diet to Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818)

“…The tambaqui presents high trophic plasticity, reflected in specific mechanisms to reach its fatty acid requirement using desaturase and elongase enzymes to biosynthesize ARA, EPA, and DHA from C18 precursors in the diet, allowing this fish species to use different saturated and unsaturated oils as energy sources [15,[35][36][37][38].…”

Nile Tilapia and Gilthead Seabream Dietary Self-Selection of Alternative Feeds with Spirulina and Quinoa

“…The classic approach to investigate the effects of new diets occurs through growth experiments mainly based on physiological mechanisms (Roy et al, 2020). Although this methodology is accurate and have yielded considerable knowledge on animal production, it may not be suitable in the short-term, involves a large number of animals, it is time-consuming, expensive and more importantly it does not consider sh preferences, since they are unable to choose what feed to eat (Brännäs and Strand, 2015;Filho et al, 2018;Fortes-Silva et al, 2016). Conversely, self-selection methods allow sh to freely and voluntarily accept the given diet, while taking into account sh feeding behaviour and learning processes (Fortes-Silva et al, 2016).…”

“…Self-feeders consist of electronic devices that are placed on top of sh tanks, with a switch below the water level that when pulled and triggered by sh, allow different feeds, with distinct chemosensory properties, to fall from the dispenser into the tank , 1994). Therefore, contrary to capsules, the taste and texture of pelleted feeds that fall from the self-feeders is evaluated and sensed by the sh allowing them to make their selection based on post-ingestion and absorption signals coupled with orosensory feed properties (Filho et al, 2018;Fortes-Silva et al, 2016;Raubenheimer et al, 2012). Both methods have not only been used and validated for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), but also for several other sh species, such as perch (Perca uviatilis), tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Atienza et al, 2004 The present work aims to investigate the acceptability, behavioural response, feed intake regulation and dietary preferences of two commercially important sh species -freshwater (Nile tilapia) and marine (gilthead seabream) -using the self-selection methods of self-feeders and diet encapsulation, to test the acceptance of non-conventional diets based on spirulina (Spirulina platensis) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) as functional ingredients.…”

Lysine requirements of tambatinga (♀ Colossoma macropomum × ♂ Piaractus brachypomus ) fingerlings using different diet formulation techniques

“…Currently, the determination of the nutritional requirements in terms of limiting essential amino acids in practical fish diets have been prioritized (Abimorad et al, 2010;Nascimento Filho et al, 2018;Paulino et al, 2018). This is due to the fact that fish do not have metabolic requirements for crude protein, but require a balanced amount of amino acids (essential and non-essential), which enhance their performance and reduce the excretion of nitrogenous compounds to the aquatic environment (Bomfim et al, 2010;Ebeneezar et al, 2019;Lin et al, 2013;Silva et al, 2018;Sousa et al, 2018).…”