“…[16][17][18][19] In soft x-ray spectroscopies, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the nearedge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectrum are often used to study the interfacial structure of organic molecular surfaces. [20,21] The XPS involves the ionization of electrons in the nuclear orbit, which can be used to detect the surface chemical composition and the chemical state of elements contained therein, [22,23] and to provide information about the nuclear orbit. NEXAFS involves that the nuclear orbital electrons are excited to the unoccupied orbit, which can offer unoccupied orbital information, and conduct the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the elements through the spectrum generated by the electron transition in the inner layer of the element.…”