“…As shown in Figure 19, many unconnected NFs also underwent shear slip. The slip on unconnected NFs may be attributed to poroelastic stress changes in the rock mass, which is supported by microseismicity interpretation [47] and theoretical analysis [48]. Even though activation of unconnected NFs cannot enhance the conductivity of the HFN, the stress acting on the NF plane and the elastic strain energy can be 13 Geofluids reduced, which may be beneficial for mitigating rockburst or destressing underground excavations [49].…”
Section: Analysis Of Stimulation Mechanism In Nfnmentioning
Hydraulic fracturing has been extensively employed for permeability enhancement in low-permeability reservoirs. The geometry of the hydraulic fracture network (HFN) may have implications for the optimization of hydraulic fracturing operations. Various parameters, including the in situ stress, treatment parameters (injection rate and fluid viscosity), and orientation of natural fractures (NFs), can significantly affect the interactions between hydraulic fracture (HF) and NFs and the final HFN. In this study, a lattice-spring code was employed to determine the impact of various parameters on the geometry of the HFN. The modelling results indicated that with a large stress difference, the global orientation of the fracture propagation was restricted to the direction of maximum principal stress, and the number of fracture branches was reduced. The geometry of the HFN changed from circular to elliptical. In contrast, with an increase in the fluid viscosity/injection rate, the evolution of the geometry of the HFN exhibited the opposite trend. The global orientation of HF propagation tended to remain parallel to the direction of maximum principal stress, regardless of the branching and tortuosity of the fracture. The variations in the ratio of tensile fracture (HF) to shear fracture (shear slip on NF) can be significant, depending on the stress state, treatment parameters, and preexisting NF network, which determine the dominant stimulation mechanism. This study provides insight into the HF propagation in naturally fractured reservoirs.
“…As shown in Figure 19, many unconnected NFs also underwent shear slip. The slip on unconnected NFs may be attributed to poroelastic stress changes in the rock mass, which is supported by microseismicity interpretation [47] and theoretical analysis [48]. Even though activation of unconnected NFs cannot enhance the conductivity of the HFN, the stress acting on the NF plane and the elastic strain energy can be 13 Geofluids reduced, which may be beneficial for mitigating rockburst or destressing underground excavations [49].…”
Section: Analysis Of Stimulation Mechanism In Nfnmentioning
Hydraulic fracturing has been extensively employed for permeability enhancement in low-permeability reservoirs. The geometry of the hydraulic fracture network (HFN) may have implications for the optimization of hydraulic fracturing operations. Various parameters, including the in situ stress, treatment parameters (injection rate and fluid viscosity), and orientation of natural fractures (NFs), can significantly affect the interactions between hydraulic fracture (HF) and NFs and the final HFN. In this study, a lattice-spring code was employed to determine the impact of various parameters on the geometry of the HFN. The modelling results indicated that with a large stress difference, the global orientation of the fracture propagation was restricted to the direction of maximum principal stress, and the number of fracture branches was reduced. The geometry of the HFN changed from circular to elliptical. In contrast, with an increase in the fluid viscosity/injection rate, the evolution of the geometry of the HFN exhibited the opposite trend. The global orientation of HF propagation tended to remain parallel to the direction of maximum principal stress, regardless of the branching and tortuosity of the fracture. The variations in the ratio of tensile fracture (HF) to shear fracture (shear slip on NF) can be significant, depending on the stress state, treatment parameters, and preexisting NF network, which determine the dominant stimulation mechanism. This study provides insight into the HF propagation in naturally fractured reservoirs.
“…As shown in Fig. 20a, a small amount of slip microseismic events occur on the pre-existing joint before the intersection with the hydraulic fracture; these are referred to here as ''dry events'' [54] Gu and Weng [55] suggested that the first step in the hydraulic fracture-joint interaction process is mechanical interaction, where the joint plane is under the influence of the stress induced by HF, but the fluid pressure of the joint plane is considered to remain zero. Highpressure fluid injection in a rock mass causes the initiation and propagation of HF in addition to promoting joint failure in shear.…”
Section: Simulated Evolution Of the Hydraulic Fracture -Joint Interac...mentioning
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