Permeability is one of the most important parameters in formation evaluation, reservoir characterization, and hydrocarbon production. There are many methods in the industry to model in-situ permeability, but it is also critical to know that permeability decreases with the increase of effective stress as has been reported in many case studies i.e. permeability is sensitive to changes in stress and pore pressure. In this study, a relationship between permeability, porosity, velocity and effective horizontal stress is developed for carbonate reservoirs using both core and field data.
In-situ horizontal stress is related to permeability for several reservoirs around the globe. This paper addresses fundamental controls on stress dependent permeability, as identified through analysis of core samples. The model developed provides a description of effective stress and explains the dynamic impact of geomechanical stresses on key production parameters in an effective way. This will lead to a more robust simulation model and history match for the life of the reservoir.
Core plug samples from carbonate formation were tested for conventional measurement (porosity, permeably, and grain density), while acoustic slowness is obtained by wireline and/or LWD measurement to create empirical correlations between permeability, porosity, velocity and effective stress. The correlations show a good agreement with available data that are commonly used in the industry for carbonate.
The developed workflow is presented to improve evaluation and enhance the productivity and management of stress-dependent reservoir, also predict sweet spots, optimize completion and predict production that will help in the development of both conventional and unconventional reservoirs.