Geology of Romania

Burchfiel, B. C.; Bleahu, M.; Borcos, M.; Patrulius, Dan; Sandulescu, Mircea

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2<392:gor>2.0.co;2

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…This block experienced large amounts of translations and rotations during its Mid‐Jurassic separation from the European continent, movement southward to a position adjacent to Adria, and realignment with blocks with European affinity during the closure of a branch of the Neotethys Ocean in Cretaceous times [e.g., Csontos and Vörös , 2004; Haas and Péró , 2004; Márton , 2000; Pǎtraşcu et al , 1992; Vörös , 1977]. Various high‐grade Variscan metamorphic series are overlain mainly by continental Permian deposits and a Germanic Triassic cover that shows significant lateral and temporal changes to a Middle Triassic massive carbonate buildup or an Upper Triassic Halstatt‐type of facies [ Bleahu et al , 1981; Burchfiel and Bleahu , 1976; Haas and Péró , 2004]. The last orogenic deformation affecting the contact between Tisza and Dacia continental units took place in Late Cretaceous times, the intra‐Turonian event created a sequence of four presently NW facing nappes that are, from bottom to top, the Meczek, Bihor, Codru and Biharia nappes (Figure 1b) [ Balintoni et al , 1996; Bleahu et al , 1981; Haas and Péró , 2004].…”

Section: The Evolution Of the Junction Area Between The Carpathians mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the formation and evolution of the Pannonian Basin: Constraints derived from the structure of the junction area between the Carpathians and Dinarides

2012

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.[1] The large number and distribution of rollback systems in Mediterranean orogens infer the possibility of interacting extensional back-arc deformation driven by different slabs. The formation of the Pannonian back-arc basin is generally related to the rapid Miocene rollback of a slab attached to the European continent. A key area of the entire system that is neglected by kinematic studies is the connection between the South Carpathians and Dinarides. In order to derive an evolutionary model, we interpreted regional seismic lines traversing the entire Serbian part of the Pannonian Basin. The observed deformation is dominantly expressed by the formation of Miocene extensional detachments and (half) grabens. The extensional geometries and associated synkinematic sedimentation that migrated in time and space allow the definition of a continuous and essentially asymmetric early to late Miocene extensional evolution. This evolution was followed by the formation of few uplifted areas during the subsequent latest Miocene-Quaternary inversion. The present-day extensional geometry changing the strike across the basin is an effect of the clockwise rotation of the South Carpathians and Apuseni Mountains in respect to the Dinarides. Our study infers that the Carpathian rollback is not the only mechanism responsible for the formation of the Pannonian Basin; an additional middle Miocene rollback of a Dinaridic slab is required to explain the observed structures. Furthermore, the study provides constraints for the pre-Neogene orogenic evolution of this junction zone, including the affinity of major crustal blocks, obducted ophiolitic sequences and the Sava suture zone.Citation: Matenco, L., and D. Radivojević (2012), On the formation and evolution of the Pannonian Basin: Constraints derived from the structure of the junction area between the Carpathians and Dinarides, Tectonics, 31, TC6007,

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Section: The Evolution Of the Junction Area Between The Carpathians mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the formation and evolution of the Pannonian Basin: Constraints derived from the structure of the junction area between the Carpathians and Dinarides

2012

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“…The collision of this segment of the Alpine belt began in the Cenozoic as a result of the lateral eastward extrusion caused by the continuous convergence in Alps [Ratschbacher et al, 1991]. In the Vrancea region, an oceanic basin, floored by an oceanic crust, lays in the area of the present-day Carpathians which was consumed by subduction during Tertiary times [Burchfiel, 1976;Csontos, 1995;Csontos and Voros, 2004]. A total width of 130 km of the basin was subducted during the first episode, with a convergence rate of approximately 2.5 cm yr À1 [Roure et al, 1993;Roca et al, 1995].…”

Section: Geotectonic Setting Of the Area And Previous Seismic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delamination or slab detachment beneath Vrancea? New arguments from local earthquake tomography

Koulakov

Zaharia

Enescu

et al. 2010

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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[1] Vrancea, located at the southeastern Carpathians Arc bend, is one of the areas in the Alpine-Himalayan belt that features strong earthquakes occurring at intermediate depths (60-200 km). In this study we investigated the crustal and lithospheric structure beneath the Vrancea seismic area using a local earthquake tomography approach. We used an updated and revised catalog, spanning from 1982 to 2006 that uses data from both permanent and temporary networks in the target area. Simultaneous tomographic inversion for the Vp and Vs anomalies and the Vp/Vs ratio and source locations was done using the LOTOS code. The reliability and robustness of the results were rigorously checked using various tests (e.g., by studying the role of different parameters on the results of the inversion, performing the inversion using random data subsets, and synthetic modeling). The tomography results clearly indicate the presence of a high-velocity material beneath Vrancea at a depth interval of about 60-200 km that coincides with the distribution of intermediate-depth seismicity. This result agrees generally with previous tomographic studies. We compare two scenarios leading to this structure: (1) subduction and slab detachment and (2) ''drop forming'' or delamination. The latter mechanism presumes that the thickening of the crust due to continent-continent collision causes transformation of the mafic lower crust into denser eclogite. This material accumulates until it reaches a critical mass, at which point it forms a large drop that begins to fall down. We propose that the high-velocity anomaly we observe in our tomogram might represent the descending eclogitic lower crust material enveloped by the entrained lithosphere. It is possible that a similar delamination process can be observed in other parts of the Alpine-Himalayan belt, such as in the Pamir Hindu-Kush area.

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“…The Pannonian basin (Figure 1) opened as a series of separate basins during and after the last stages of Miocene thrusting in the Carpathians [Horvath and Royden, 1981;Bergerat, 1988]. The crustal shortening within the Carpathians in Eocene to Miocene time was at least 116 km in NE-SW direction [Burchfiel, 1976], whereas during Miocene to recent time, total E-W extension of the Pannonian Basin was about 75-100 km [Royden et al, 1983a, b]. Inversion of fault slip data [Bergerat, 1988] suggests two stages in the tectonic evolution of the Pannonian Basin, related to E-W extension: (1) an initial transtensional process in middle to late Miocene time, when E-W extension occurred together with N-S compression, and conjugate NW-SE and NE-SW strike-slip faults and pull-apart basins developed [see also Horvath and Royden, 1981]; and (2) a pure extensional rifting process in Pliocene time, where normal faulting dominated [Bergerat, 1988] In the region of the Eastern Carpathians only very few data are available, and those indicate a considerable complexity in both stress regime and orientation [Fuchs et al, 1979;Oncescu, 1984Oncescu, , 1987Oncescu, , 1989].…”

Section: Carpathians and Pannonian Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional patterns of tectonic stress in Europe

Müller¹,

Zoback²,

Fuchs³

et al. 1992

J. Geophys. Res.

405

219

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Nearly 1500 stress orientation determinations are now available for Europe. The data come from earthquake focal mechanisms, overcoring measurements, well bore breakouts, hydraulic fracturing measurements, and young fault slip studies and sample the stress field from the surface to seismogenic depths. Three distinct regional patterns of maximum compressive horizontal stress (SHmax) orientation can be defined from these data: a consistent NW to NNW SHmax stress orientation in western Europe; a WNW‐ESE SHmax orientation in Scandinavia, similar to western Europe but with a larger variability of SHmax orientations; and a consistent E‐W SHmax orientation and N‐S extension in the Aegean Sea and western Anatolia. The different stress fields can be attributed to plate‐driving forces acting on the boundaries of the Eurasian plate, locally modified by lithospheric properties in different regions. On average, the orientation of maximum stress in western Europe is subparallel to the direction of relative plate motion between Africa and Europe and is rotated 17° clockwise from the direction of absolute plate motion. The uniformly oriented stress field in western Europe coincides with thin to medium lithospheric thickness (approximately 50–90 km) and high heat flow values (>80 m W/m2). In western Europe a predominance of strike‐slip focal mechanisms implies that the intermediate principal stress is vertical. The more irregular horizontal stress orientations in Scandinavia coincide with thick continental lithosphere (110–170 km) and low heat flow (<50 m W/m2). The cold thick lithosphere in this region may result in lower mean stresses associated with far‐field tectonic forces and allow the stress field to be more easily perturbed by local effects such as déglaciation flexure and topography. The stress field of the Aegean Sea and western Anatolia is consistent with N‐S extension in a back arc setting behind the Hellenic trench subduction zone. The stress field is influenced in places by regional geologic structures, e.g., in the Western Alps, where SHmax directions show a slight tendency toward a radial stress pattern. Not all major geologic structures, however, appear to affect the SHmax orientation, e.g., in the vicinity of the Rhine rift system horizontal stress orientations are continuous.

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Geology of Romania

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

On the formation and evolution of the Pannonian Basin: Constraints derived from the structure of the junction area between the Carpathians and Dinarides

On the formation and evolution of the Pannonian Basin: Constraints derived from the structure of the junction area between the Carpathians and Dinarides

Delamination or slab detachment beneath Vrancea? New arguments from local earthquake tomography

Regional patterns of tectonic stress in Europe

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