Geology of Cedar County

Norton, William

doi:10.17077/2160-5270.1048

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…One of these valleys was chosen for a detailed study of the Quaternary stratigraphy. The field area encompassed 70km2 around the lower part of Pioneer Creek basin near Mechanicsville, Iowa, in the northwestern corner of Cedar County and the southwestern corner of Jones County and was outside both the Illinoian and Wisconsinan limits of glaciation ( The field area was examined previously in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (McGee 189 1 ;Calvin 1896;Norton 1901 ;Alden and Leighton 1917). These workers disagreed about the position of the classic Iowan-Kansan boundary in the study area.…”

Section: R 3 Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lower till (classic Nebraskan of Norton (1901)) is separated from the upper till (classic Kansan of Norton (1901)) by the lower fluvial silts and sands (Aftonian?). Because of "stratigraphic confusion" in the type areas of the classic Kansan and Nebraskan (Hallberg and Boellstorff 1978), the tills and intervening fluvial sequence tentatively are correlated to the Wolf Creek Formation of pre-Illinoian age .…”

Section: General Quaternary Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two pollen diagrams from Quaternary deposits in east-central Iowa, U.S.A.

Szabo¹

1980

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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Two pollen analyses from Quaternary deposits located outside both the Illinoian and Wisconsinan limits of glaciation in east-central Iowa, U.S.A., are similar to other analyses in the Midwest. One analysis from sediments between two pre-Illinoian tills is high in coniferous pollen. The analysis suggests a cool late interglacial or an interstadial climate. The other analysis is from Late Wisconsinan sediments synchronous with the last increment of loess deposition. The pollen diagram may be divided into three major zones: zone 1 may represent a boreal parkland, zone 2 contains the spruce maximum about 14 000 radiocarbon years before present, and zone 3 shows an increase in pine and oak pollen about 11 000 years ago.

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Section: R 3 Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Quaternary Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Two pollen diagrams from Quaternary deposits in east-central Iowa, U.S.A.

Szabo¹

1980

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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“…The most complete summary of the bedrock and bedrock topography within the study area is in the Iowa Geological Survey reports for Cedar and Scott counties (Norton, 1899(Norton, . 1901.…”

Section: Bedrockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…359) as being a ridged drift topography of northeastern Iowa. Norton (1899Norton ( » 1901 The Pre-Kansan till was identified in some well-logs. How ever, he noted that this older till deposit was recognizable only by contacting the darker colored Aftonian peats.…”

Section: Pleistocene Geology Drift Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil parent material stratigraphy and soil development, Cedar County, Iowa

Miller

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Reflections on the Nature of Soil and Its Biomantle

Johnson

Domier

Johnson

2005

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

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Apart from the engineering approach to soil as movable regolith, most specialists who study soil view it as a plantlinked, land-only, and Earth-only entity whose character and properties are explained by a mix of four environmental factors-climate, organisms, relief, and parent material-that operate over time. These factors function to produce soil, where S 5 f (cl, o, r, p, t . . .). This relationship constitutes the five-factors, ''clorpt,'' explanatory model of soil formation that lends itself to the survey, classification, and mapping of soil for agricultural and environmental purposes and aids in soil valuations and soil conservation-management needs. In geomorphology and Quaternary research, it has met success in soil chronosequence and age-dating studies. But inasmuch as soil is the most complex and unparsimonious of all natural science entities, is any model so conceptually endowed that it allows a deep understanding of the full range and nuances of soil-forming processes? Can a conventional model provide new visions and different levels of knowledge beyond conventional levels? We present a multifaceted and biodynamic approach that views soil in different ways. One is that soil is the outer integument, or ''skin'' of all lithic-composed celestial bodies, planets, their satellites, and such. But Earth differs from others because water covers nearly three-fourths of its surface and life covers nearly all of its surface and produces a biodynamically mediated ''epidermis''-a biomantle that other planets lack. The biomantle constitutes a subaerial-subaqueous continuum across the globe. Life imparts myriad biomechanical and biochemical processes-biodynamic processes-to the soil-biomantle continuum, and these coact with physical processes in producing soil landscapes. This multifaceted approach is embedded as a component of the dynamic denudation framework of landscape evolution, which carries useful and different explanatory and predictive powers for studying the global soil-biomantle that may be invisible, unacknowledged, or unstressed in other frameworks, including one where ''organisms'' essentially means plants. To appreciate how our approach differs from conventional views of soil formation, and to provide a historic context, we reflect on the nineteenth-and twentiethcentury turning points in Earth sciences, mainly in geography, geology, and soils, which led to the five-factors (clorpt) model as the sine qua non way to explain soils. The details of our approach then follow.

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Geology of Cedar County

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Two pollen diagrams from Quaternary deposits in east-central Iowa, U.S.A.

Two pollen diagrams from Quaternary deposits in east-central Iowa, U.S.A.

Soil parent material stratigraphy and soil development, Cedar County, Iowa

Reflections on the Nature of Soil and Its Biomantle

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