Geology, geochemistry and mineralogy of indium resources at Pitkäranta Mining District, Ladoga Karelia, Russia

Ivashchenko, V. I.

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2022.107046

Cited by 5 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The lead content in the puddle was probably greatly influenced by the past use (in Russia until 15 November 2002) of tetraethyl lead as a component of gasoline that increases the octane number. The main source of lead in the studied materials of the dump was probably the sulfide mineralization of the ores being developed, where Pb was present in insignificant quantities [15]. Subsequently, lead could form secondary minerals, as evidenced by an increase in its content in the most fine-grained fraction of the materials under study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Cadmium and Co are also chalcophilic elements-pollutants associated with these ores. The sources of Cd and Co in ores are the minerals, sphalerite and chalcopyrite, respectively, in which these elements are included as isomorphic impurities [15,[33][34][35]. In natural waters, the content of Cd and Co was the lowest in the puddle of rainwater; for Cd, it was highest in the underspoil water; and for Co, it was the highest in the well water (Supplementary Materials (Table S4)).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of the Sn-Fe-Cu-Zn objects were developed in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The ores of these objects have high contents of some critical metals (In, Bi, Be) [14,15]. Currently, only objects for construction materials are being developed in this territory [16,17].…”

Section: Historical Geographical Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study on the Long-Term Exposure of a Tailings Dump, a Product of Processing Sn-Fe-Cu Skarn Ores: Mineralogical Transformations and Impact on Natural Water

Konyshev,

Sidkina,

Bugaev

2024

Sustainability

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In the mining industry, one of the principal issues is the management of the waste generated during ore concentration, which represents a potential source of environmental pollution. The most acute issue originates from the mining heritage in the form of dumps formed of mining tailings that were created before the introduction of waste storage standards and may be located in urban areas. This research investigated this problem using the example of the tailings dump “Krasnaya Glinka”, located in a residential area of Pitkäranta (Karelia, Russia) in close proximity to the shoreline of Lake Ladoga. A complex approach, including the investigation of the natural water of the study area and tailings material and an experiment simulating the interaction of this material with atmospheric precipitation, allowed us to obtain the first data on the current status of the tailings dump and its surroundings and to identify environmental pollutants. This research used XRF, XRD, and EPMA analytical methods for assaying the tailings materials obtained from the dump and ion chromatography, potentiometric titration, ICP-MS, and AES for the water samples. The results show the influence of the tailings dump’s materials on the formation of the environmental impact—in the water from the area of the tailings dump, increased concentrations of chalcophilic elements are observed, for example, Zn up to 5028 µg/L. Based on this study of the tailings dump’s materials and the conducted experiment, an attempt is made to connect the chemical compositions shown in the natural water data with the specific mineral phases and processes occurring during supergene transformations in the tailings storage. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that despite more than 100 years of exposure of the tailings materials under natural factors, mostly atmospheric precipitation, equilibrium with the environment has not come. The processes of extracting toxic elements and carcinogenic mineral phases into the environment are continuing. In the process of studying the tailings materials, it was found that they are probably of economic interest as a technogenic source of W and Sn due to the contents of these components exceeding industrially significant values in the exploited fields.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study on the Long-Term Exposure of a Tailings Dump, a Product of Processing Sn-Fe-Cu Skarn Ores: Mineralogical Transformations and Impact on Natural Water

Konyshev,

Sidkina,

Bugaev

2024

Sustainability

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“…Genesis of the Sulfide Ores 6.1.1. Characteristics of Trace Elements in Sphalerite and Ore-Forming Temperature Numerous previous studies have shown that trace elements (e.g., Fe, Mn, Cd, Ge, Ga, In, and Tl) are commonly present in the form of isomorphism in sphalerite via direct and coupled substitutions, as well as using crystal vacancy [15,16,[32][33][34]. Consequently, the characteristics of the trace elements in sphalerite can record the signature of the ore-forming fluids and discriminate the different genetic types of Zn-Pb deposits [15,16,18,35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis of the Giant Huoshaoyun Non-Sulfide Zinc–Lead Deposit in Karakoram, Xinjiang: Constraints from Mineralogy and Trace Element Geochemistry

et al. 2023

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The Huoshaoyun zinc–lead deposit, a giant non-sulfide deposit in Xinjiang, is one of the most significant discoveries of zinc–lead deposit in China and globally in recent years. The deposit is dominated by zinc–lead non-sulfides, with minor occurrences of sulfides such as sphalerite, galena, and pyrite. The non-sulfide minerals include smithsonite, cerussite, anglesite, and Fe-oxide. This study focuses on the mineralogical characteristics of sulfide and non-sulfide ores, as well as the trace element characteristics of sphalerite, smithsonite, and Fe-oxide. Mineralogical analysis reveals that smithsonite is derived from the oxidation of primary sulfide minerals and can be classified into three types that are generated during different stages of supergene oxidation. The three types of smithsonite are formed through replacing the sphalerite and host limestone, as well as directly precipitating in the fissures and vugs. Trace element analysis of sphalerite indicates that it is rich in Cd, Tl, and Ge, but poor in Fe and Mn. The ore-forming temperature, calculated using the GGIMFis geothermometer, is mostly within the range of 100~150 °C. Moreover, the trace element characteristics, ore-forming temperature, and S and Pb isotope compositions of the sulfide ores of the Huoshaoyun deposit are similar to those of the Jinding and Duocaima MVT lead–zinc deposits, which are also located in the Eastern Tethyan zinc–lead belt. This suggests that the sulfide orebody in the Huoshaoyun Zn-Pb deposit could also be the MVT deposit. Study of the trace element of the non-sulfide minerals shows that the Mn and Cd are relatively enriched in smithsonite, while Ga, Ge, and Pb are enriched in Fe-oxide. This can be attributed to distinct geochemical properties of the trace elements in the non-sulfide minerals of the Huoshaoyun deposit and is consistent with those of the other oxidized MVT deposits, thus indicating the supergene oxidation process of this deposit.

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“…Their formation is believed to be associated with the SARGB [13][14][15][16][17][18] (Figure 1). The mineralogy of rare and critical metals in skarns from this area has been studied earlier [16,[19][20][21]. The first results of the studies were based solely on optical and X-ray structural methods, but no chemical analyses were performed [16,19], resulting in some inaccuracies in identification of the minerals (particularly isomorphic series) and in the determination of rare-metal distribution in ore and skarn minerals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Metals Mineralization in the Late-Stage Intrusions of Salmi Batholith, Ladoga Karelia, Russia

Ivashchenko

2023

Minerals

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The paper reports the results of studies on critical metal mineralization genetically related to the late-stage intrusions of Salmi anorthosite-rapakivi granite batholith (SARGB) in the Riphean age. In, Bi, and Be mineralization in skarn-greisen deposits and occurrences at the SARGB endocontact, as well as REE and Nb-Ta mineralization in Li-F granites, understood as the late intrusive phases of the batholith, were studied. It is the first report on columbite-group minerals, as well as REE-Ta-Nb and REE mineralization in SARGB granites. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, EDS and LA ICP MS microanalysis, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used. The data obtained show that roquesite formation was mainly triggered by the decay of In-bearing solid sphalerite and chalcopyrite solutions. Zavaritskite, associated with unoxidized sulphides, was derived hypogenically and seldom occurs in ores. A helvine-group mineral association with zinc-enriched spinel (ZnO 22%–25%) seems to have been one of the factors preventing genthelvite formation. The Muzilampi, Hepaoja and Avtodor ore occurrences in Li-F granites display similar REE and Nb-Ta mineralization. They are associated with Y-fluorite and Li-siderophyllite, which contain exceptionally high Nb concentrations (0.25%–0.78%) in Muzilampi granites. Additionally, fluorite-1 is commonly overfilled (to >50%) with micron-sized synchisite and parisite inclusions. Columbite-tantalite-group minerals, present at all the occurrences studied, occur solely as ferricolumbites with a dominant Mn/(Mn+Fe) ratio of <0.2. Biotite and Li-siderophyllite, associated with columbite, have an extremely high iron index Fe/(Fe+Mg) > 0.9 approaching the maximum values (~1.0) in the most differentiated granites.

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Geology, geochemistry and mineralogy of indium resources at Pitkäranta Mining District, Ladoga Karelia, Russia

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

A Study on the Long-Term Exposure of a Tailings Dump, a Product of Processing Sn-Fe-Cu Skarn Ores: Mineralogical Transformations and Impact on Natural Water

A Study on the Long-Term Exposure of a Tailings Dump, a Product of Processing Sn-Fe-Cu Skarn Ores: Mineralogical Transformations and Impact on Natural Water

Genesis of the Giant Huoshaoyun Non-Sulfide Zinc–Lead Deposit in Karakoram, Xinjiang: Constraints from Mineralogy and Trace Element Geochemistry

Critical Metals Mineralization in the Late-Stage Intrusions of Salmi Batholith, Ladoga Karelia, Russia

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