Geology, geochemistry, and genesis of Axi: A Paleozoic low-sulfidation type epithermal gold deposit in Xinjiang, China

Zhai, Wei; Sun, Xiaoming; Sun, Weidong; Su, Liwei; Xiao-ping, HE; Wu, Youliang

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2009.04.003

Cited by 105 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Calculated pressure estimates suggest that the depth of ore fluids varies between 300 m and 900 m. The salinity ranges from 0.48% to 5.16 wt% NaCl eqv. Zhai et al (2009) reported similar results, i.e., the salinities ranging from 0.5 to 6.9 wt% NaCl eqv., homogenization temperatures of between 120 and 240°C and averaging 190°C, and estimated mineralization depth of about 700 m.…”

Section: Axi Gold Depositsupporting

confidence: 61%

Epithermal deposits in North Xinjiang, NW China

Chen

Pirajno

et al. 2011

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

212

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The North Xinjiang region (NW China) is an important part of the Central Asia Orogenic Belt, situated at the junction of Siberia, Tarim and Kazakhstan plates. It is an area characterized by multiple stages of Phanerozoic continental growth, during which several porphyry and epithermal systems were formed. The relationship of these mineral systems to the geodynamic evolution of the region has not yet been well understood. In this paper, we list the main geological characteristics of 21 significant epithermal precious and base metal deposits in North Xinjiang, and classify them into high-sulfidation and low-sulfidation styles, with the latter being predominant. We have selected seven epithermal deposits representing different styles formed under different tectonic regimes and discuss their geology and geochemistry in some detail. The depositscale geology and geochemistry of epithermal systems in North Xinjiang are essentially similar to those in other parts of the world. All epithermal deposits in North Xinjiang are hosted in volcanic rocks with ages ranging from Devonian to Triassic, with the Early Carboniferous volcanic sequences being the most important, followed by the Permian and Triassic. The Devonian-Early Carboniferous host rocks belong to the calc-alkaline series that developed in pre-collisional arc-back-arc basin systems; whereas the Permian-Triassic host volcanic rocks of shoshonite series formed in post-subduction regimes. Available isotopic ages of these epithermal systems cluster in two periods: Early Carboniferous ([320 Ma) and Late Carboniferous-Triassic (320-220 Ma), reflecting two metallogenic episodes that occurred during subductionrelated accretion and post-subduction collision regimes, respectively. Accordingly, three groups of epithermal deposits in North Xinjiang can be recognized as (1) precollisional deposits without or with negligible collisionalrelated modification, (2) deposits formed in collision regime and (3) ore systems strongly overprinted by fluid flow in post-subduction collision regime.

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Section: Axi Gold Depositsupporting

confidence: 61%

Epithermal deposits in North Xinjiang, NW China

Chen

Pirajno

et al. 2011

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

212

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“…A comprehensive account of the Axi low-sulphidation epithermal system can be found in Hart et al (2003). A more recent publication on this deposit is by Zhai et al (2009), who provided details of fluid inclusions, their composition and isotope systematics. The Axi gold deposit is in the Yili Block within the Tulasu Early Carboniferous volcanic basin on the southern slopes of Kerguqinshan of the Boluohuluo accretionary arc (Sha et al, 2003) and is one of a cluster of epithermal systems in the Tulasu district that includes JinxieYelmand, Abiyndi, Tulasu, Tuhulasu, Qiabukanzauota, Tawuerbieke .…”

Section: Aximentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of mineral systems and associated tectonic settings of northern Xinjiang, NW China

Pirajno

Seltmann

Yang

2011

Geoscience Frontiers

193

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KEYWORDSMineral system; Porphyry and epithermal deposits; Volcanogenic massive sulphides and skarn systems; Northern Xinjiang of NW ChinaAbstract In this paper we present a review of mineral systems in northern Xinjiang, NW China, focussing on the Tianshan, West and East Junggar and Altay orogenic belts, all of which are part of the greater Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The CAOB is a complex collage of ancient microcontinents, island arcs, oceanic plateaux and oceanic plates, which were amalgamated and accreted in Early Palaeozoic to Early Permian times. The establishment of the CAOB collage was followed by strike-slip movements and affected by intraplate magmatism, linked to mantle plume activity, best exemplified by the 250 Ma Siberian Traps and the 280 Ma Tarim event. In northern Xinjiang, there are numerous and economically important mineral systems. In this contribution we describe a selection of representative mineral deposits, including subduction-related porphyry and epithermal deposits, volcanogenic massive sulphides and skarn systems. Shear zone-hosted Au lodes may have first formed as intrusion-related and subsequently re-worked during strike-slip deformation. Intraplate magmatism led to the emplacement of concentrically zoned (Alaskan-style) maficeultramafic intrusions, many of which host orthomagmatic sulphide deposits. A huge belt of pegmatites in the Altay orogen, locally hosts world-class rare metal deposits. Roll-front,

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“…Moreover, dated high-Mg andesites occur at Alatao (Wang et al 2007c) and Taerbieke (Tang et al 2009) and there are Nb-enriched basalts at Alatao (Wang et al 2007c). Apart from the high-thermal, arcorigin, magmatic rocks described above, DevonianCarboniferous Cu-Au-Mo deposits are also widespread in this part of the Tianshan Mountain, Dabate (Zhang et al , 2008b, Kekesai (Zhang et al 2008a), Lamasu (Zhang et al 2008c;Zhu et al 2012a), Axi (Zhai et al 2009), Taerbieke (Tang et al 2009), 3571 Xue et al 2011), Lailisigaoer (Li et al 2006;Zhang et al 2010;Zhu et al 2010Zhu et al , 2012a, and Kendenggaoer .…”

Section: Migration Of Arc Magmatism and Associated Cu-au-mo Ore Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Devonian–early Permian accretionary orogenesis along the North Tianshan in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt

Xiao

Han

et al. 2014

International Geology Review

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The Palaeozoic orogenic process in the North Tianshan of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt is controversial. Systematic field study indicates that the ophiolitic fragments of the North Tianshan are mainly thrust slices and blocks of a late Palaeozoic accretionary complex, which was intruded by granitoids. U-Pb zircon dating of plagiogranites from the North Tianshan ophiolite yielded a mean age of 343.1 ± 2.7 Ma. These are typical oceanic plagiogranites but with a suprasubduction zone (SSZ) signature. Ophiolitic basalts display N-MORB, E-MORB, and OIB compositions. One gabbro with an age of 301.9 ± 2.2 Ma shows E-MORB geochemistry mixed with N-MORB and OIB. Some andesites show clear island arc characters indicated by enrichment of LILEs relative to HFSEs. Mean ages of 344.9 ± 4.2 and 298.7 ± 2.4 Ma were obtained for a granite porphyry and a mylonitic granite, respectively. The two granitoids display an island arc geochemical signature evidenced by enrichment of LILEs and depletion of HFSEs. Combined with an eastward migration of Late Devonian to Carboniferous arc magmatism and related Cu-Au-Mo deposits, we propose that trench retreat and slab rollback took place during subduction of the Junggar Ocean spreading ridge beneath the North Tianshan arc, and that the accretion may have lasted into early Permian time, an important late stage of the long-lived accretionary orogenesis in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt.

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Geology, geochemistry, and genesis of Axi: A Paleozoic low-sulfidation type epithermal gold deposit in Xinjiang, China

Cited by 105 publications

References 62 publications

Epithermal deposits in North Xinjiang, NW China

Epithermal deposits in North Xinjiang, NW China

A review of mineral systems and associated tectonic settings of northern Xinjiang, NW China

Late Devonian–early Permian accretionary orogenesis along the North Tianshan in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt

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