Geology, fluid inclusion, and H–O–S–Pb isotopic study of the Shenshan skarn Fe–Cu deposit, Southern Great Xing'an Range, Northeast China

Ma, Xiaoping; Wang, Ke-Yong; Li, Shunda; Shi, Kaituo; Wang, Wenyuan; Yang, He

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2019.02.008

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This occurrence may be attributed to the significant deposition of sulfide and sulfate minerals from the hydrothermal fluids during the mineralization process [61]. Figure 11 revealed that the studied Yolindi Cu-Fe skarn mineralization shares similarities with various other deposits, namely the Çataltepe deposits in Turkey [62], Fırıncıkdere in Kalkım in Turkey [63], Mazraeh in NW Iran [60], Ditto in Japan [64], Shenshan in NE China [65], and Velardeña in Mexico [66] (Figure 11). These deposits exhibited a significant reduction in δ 34 S, indicating a strong link between the sulfur isotopic composition of rock sulfur and ore sulfur in the magnetite series of granitoids.…”

Section: Sulfur Isotopic Compositions and Their Geological Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Minerals 2023, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 21 of 3 Ditto in Japan [64], Shenshan in NE China [65], and Velardeña in Mexico [66] (Figure 11 These deposits exhibited a significant reduction in δ 34 S, indicating a strong link betwee the sulfur isotopic composition of rock sulfur and ore sulfur in the magnetite series o granitoids. This also suggested that they may have developed via contact metasomatism with their light sulfur likely originating from biogenic sulfur present in the sedimentar rocks [64,67].…”

Section: Sulfur Isotopic Compositions and Their Geological Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulfur and Carbon–Oxygen Isotopic Geochemistry and Fluid Inclusion Characteristics of the Yolindi Cu-Fe Skarn Mineralization, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey: Implications for the Source and Evolution of Hydrothermal Fluids

Kaya,

Kumral,

Yalçın

et al. 2023

Minerals

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The current study sought to investigate the physiochemical conditions and fluid evolution within the Yolindi Cu-Fe skarn mineralization located in the Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey. This was accomplished through a comprehensive investigation of geological and mineralogical data, along with isotopic analyses of sulfur (δ34S), carbon (δ13C), and oxygen (δ18O) of sulfide and calcite minerals, respectively, as well as fluid inclusion data pertaining to various minerals (e.g., andradite, quartz, and calcite). The Yolindi area features a complex geological framework, including the Paleozoic Kalabak Group (which includes the Torasan, Yolindi, and Sazak formations) and the Triassic Karakaya Complex. These formations were subsequently intruded via Early Miocene Şaroluk granitoids and Hallaçlar volcanics. Skarn formation is zoned into endoskarn and exoskarn types (being categorized into proximal, intermediate, and distal zones), with distinct mineral assemblages indicating concentric and contact metamorphic alteration patterns around the western part of Şaroluk granitoid intrusion in contact with the Torasan formation. The ore mineralogy and paragenesis suggest three distinct stages of evolution: an initial phase of prograde metasomatism characterized by the formation of magnetite and pyrite alongside anhydrous calc-silicate minerals; a subsequent phase of retrograde alteration marked by the formation of epidote, actinolite, and scapolite, accompanied by the occurrence of chalcopyrite and specular hematite; and finally, a post-metasomatic stage involving oxidation processes that led to the development of secondary mineral assemblages containing cerussite, covellite, and malachite. Sulfur isotopes (δ34S) of sulfides from endoskarn (from +0.27 to +0.57‰VCDT) to intermediate exoskarn (from −9.44 to −5.46‰VCDT) zones indicate a diverse sulfur source, including magmatic, sedimentary, and possibly organic matter. δ34S values in hydrothermal fluids suggest a magmatic–hydrothermal origin, with endoskarn and proximal zone fluids showing a slight negative signature and intermediate zone fluids indicating a strong influence from organic-rich or metamorphic sulfur reservoirs. Carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions (δ13C and δ18O) of calcite revealed a progression from marine carbonate signatures in marble samples (from +1.89 to +2.23‰VPDB; from +21.61 to +21.73‰VSMOW) to depleted values in prograde (from −6.0 to +0.09‰VPDB; from +6.22 to +18.14‰VSMOW) and retrograde skarns (from −3.8 to −2.25‰VPDB; from +0.94 to +3.62‰VSMOW), reflecting interactions with high-temperature magmatic fluids and meteoric water mixing. The fluid inclusions in prograde minerals generated under the conditions of fluid boiling exhibited high temperatures, reaching up to 412 °C, and salinities up to 26 wt.% NaCl equivalent. Conversely, the fluid inclusions in retrograde minerals, which were generated due to fluid mixing, exhibited lower temperatures (with an average of 318 °C) and salinities with an average of 4.9 wt.% NaCl equivalent. This indicated that the cooler and more diluted fluids mix with meteoric waters and interact with organic materials in the host rocks. This suggests a multifaceted origin involving various sources and processes. Therefore, this study concluded that the skarn mineralization in the Yolindi area resulted from complex interactions between magmatic, metamorphic, and meteoric fluids, reflecting a dynamic ore-forming environment with implications for the regional metallogeny of Cu-Fe skarn deposits.

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Section: Sulfur Isotopic Compositions and Their Geological Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Sulfur Isotopic Compositions and Their Geological Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur and Carbon–Oxygen Isotopic Geochemistry and Fluid Inclusion Characteristics of the Yolindi Cu-Fe Skarn Mineralization, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey: Implications for the Source and Evolution of Hydrothermal Fluids

Kaya,

Kumral,

Yalçın

et al. 2023

Minerals

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“…The GXR is an important polymetallic metallogenic belt in eastern China, with numerous high-intensity metallogenic periods and various types of deposits [29][30][31]. Many deposits of Ag-Pb-Zn, rare earth elements (REEs), U, Sn, Mo, and Ni-Ta-Rb-Li-Be rare metal minerals have been formed [13,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. The stratigraphic units exposed on the western slope of the southern section of the GXR include the Mesoproterozoic Xilinguole Complex, Devonian formations, Carboniferous formations (Benbatu and Amushan formations), Permian (Shoushangou, Dashizhai, Huanggangliang, and Linxi formations), Jurassic formations (Xinmin, Manketoebo, Manitu, and Baiyinggaolao formations), Cretaceous Meiletu Formation, and Quaternary formations (Figure 1).…”

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

40Ar/39Ar Dating and In Situ Trace Element Geochemistry of Quartz and Mica in the Weilasituo Deposit in Inner Mongolia, China: Implications for Li–Polymetallic Metallogenesis

Wang,

Gao

et al. 2024

Minerals

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The Weilasituo Li–polymetallic deposit, located on the western slope of the southern Great Xing’an Range in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, is hosted by quartz porphyry with crypto-explosive breccia-type Li mineralisation atop and vein-type Sn-Mo-W-Zn polymetallic mineralisation throughout the breccia pipe. This study introduces new data on multistage quartz and mica in situ trace elements; the study was conducted using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and 40Ar/39Ar dating of zinnwaldite to delineate the metallogenic age and genesis of Li mineralisation. Zinnwaldite yields a plateau age of 132.45 ± 1.3 Ma (MSWD = 0.77), representing Early Cretaceous Li mineralisation. Throughout the magmatic–hydrothermal process, quartz trace elements showed Ge enrichment. Li, Al, and Ti contents decreased, with Al/Ti and Ge/Ti ratios increasing, indicating increased magmatic differentiation, slight acidification, and cooling. Mica’s rising Li, Rb, Cs, Mg, and Ti contents and Nb/Ta ratio, alongside its falling K/Rb ratio, indicate the magma’s ongoing crystallisation differentiation. Fractional crystallisation primarily enriched Li, Rb, and Cs in the late melt. Mica’s high Sc, V, and W contents indicate a high fO2 setting, with a slightly lower fO2 during zinnwaldite formation. Greisenisation observed Zn, Mg, and Fe influx from the host rock, broadening zinnwaldite distribution and forming minor Zn vein orebodies later. Late-stage fluorite precipitation highlights a rise in F levels, with fluid Sn and W levels tied to magma evolution and F content. In summary, the Weilasituo Li–polymetallic deposit was formed in an Early Cretaceous extensional environment and is closely related to a nearby highly differentiated Li-F granite. During magma differentiation, rare metal elements such as Li and Rb were enriched in residual melts. The decrease in temperature and the acidic environment led to the precipitation of Li-, Rb-, and W-bearing minerals, and the increased F content in the late stage led to Sn enrichment and mineralisation. Fluid metasomatism causes Zn, Mg, and Fe in the surrounding rock to enter the fluid, and Zn is enriched and mineralised in the later period.

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“…Numerous studies have reported that hydrothermal garnets record the process of fluid-rock interactions and can, therefore, reveal the physicochemical conditions of hydrothermal mineralisation, which include the fluid temperature, oxygen fugacity, fluid flow rate, pH and chemical compositions [3][4][5][6][7]. In the last decade, many studies have been conducted using garnet geochemical composition, U-Pb geochronology [8][9][10] and a fluid inclusion temperature measurement [11] to gain an understanding of the mechanism of trace element substitution in garnet mineral compositions. These methods can also be used to determine ore-forming age [12,13] and hydrothermal fluid evolution processes [14,15] during garnet growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Garnet Characteristics Associated with Jiama Porphyry-Skarn Cu Deposit 1# Skarn Orebody, Tibet, Using Thermal Infrared Spectroscopy

et al. 2020

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Field measurements of the thermal infrared (TIR) reflectance from drill hole samples proved to be an effective method to map variations in garnet species associated with hydrothermal alteration zonation of the Jiama porphyry-skarn Cu deposit 1# skarn orebody, Tibetan Plateau, China. The TIR mineral spectral information was combined with electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) measurements to provide geological insights on effectively determining (a) garnet end components and providing a format for further research on the type and genesis of the deposit; (b) the significance of the characteristic spectrum of garnet to the variation of mineralization environment; (c) the relationship between the characteristic spectrum of garnet and Fe/Al content; (d) the garnet characteristic spectrum to the economic mineralization. The results suggest that garnet characteristics of the thermal infrared spectrum can be used as an indicator for skarn deposit prospecting.

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Geology, fluid inclusion, and H–O–S–Pb isotopic study of the Shenshan skarn Fe–Cu deposit, Southern Great Xing'an Range, Northeast China

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Sulfur and Carbon–Oxygen Isotopic Geochemistry and Fluid Inclusion Characteristics of the Yolindi Cu-Fe Skarn Mineralization, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey: Implications for the Source and Evolution of Hydrothermal Fluids

Sulfur and Carbon–Oxygen Isotopic Geochemistry and Fluid Inclusion Characteristics of the Yolindi Cu-Fe Skarn Mineralization, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey: Implications for the Source and Evolution of Hydrothermal Fluids

40Ar/39Ar Dating and In Situ Trace Element Geochemistry of Quartz and Mica in the Weilasituo Deposit in Inner Mongolia, China: Implications for Li–Polymetallic Metallogenesis

Garnet Characteristics Associated with Jiama Porphyry-Skarn Cu Deposit 1# Skarn Orebody, Tibet, Using Thermal Infrared Spectroscopy

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