“…In the Ordos Basin, due to the influences of sedimentation, diagenesis and tectonism, the heterogeneity of low-permeability reservoirs is strong, and natural fracture development is affected by lithology, thickness and rock mechanics parameters (Zhao et al, 2014;Ju et al, 2017). Natural fractures control the seepage systems of low-permeability reservoirs, thus affecting the deployment of low-permeability oilfield development plans and their development (Zeng et al, 2007;Zeng et al, 2008a;Zeng and Li, 2009;Ju et al, 2015;Zhao and Hou, 2017a;Liu et al, 2022a;Chen et al, 2022). Therefore, studying the orientations of natural fractures and the factors that influence fracture orientation is very important for the deployment of an injection-production well pattern, the direction of water seepage in the reservoir, and the formulation of a reasonable development plan.…”