Geology and Geochemistry of the giant Huoshaoyun zinc-lead deposit, Karakorum Range, northwestern Tibet

Li, Hao; Xu, Xing; Borg, Gregor; Gilg, H. Albert; Dong, Lingqing; Fan, Ting-Bin; Zhou, Gang; Liu, Ruilin; Hong, Tao; Ke, Qiang; Wu, Chu; Zhang, Guoliang; Li, Hang

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.02.002

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The underlying Keleqinghe Formation mainly consists of quartz sandstone and mudstone (Figures 3 and 4). lead-zinc sulfide ore [22]. Based on these figures, the ratio of sulfidic to non-sulfidic ore in the deposit is relatively low, approximately 4.8%.…”

Section: Geology Of the Huoshaoyun Depositmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…It is located at 79 • 00 00 E, 35 • 00 00 N in Hetian County, Xinjiang, approximately 300 km north of Hotan City. It is a giant zinc-lead deposit located in the western region of the eastern Tethyan zinc-lead metallogenic belt in China (Figure 1) [8,[20][21][22]. The main zinc-lead deposits of this metallogenic belt are distributed within the Paleogene to Neogene basins in the Lanping-Simao and Tianshuihai North Qiangtang terranes.…”

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has over 18 Mt Zn-Pb metal reserves at an average grade of 23.58% zinc and 5.63% lead, as well as significant cadmium reserves [30]. It is noteworthy that the estimated resources of the studied deposit consist of 62 million tonnes of zinc-lead carbonate ore and 3 million tonnes of lead-zinc sulfide ore [22]. Based on these figures, the ratio of sulfidic to non-sulfidic ore in the deposit is relatively low, approximately 4.8%.…”

Section: Geology Of the Huoshaoyun Depositmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genesis of the Giant Huoshaoyun Non-Sulfide Zinc–Lead Deposit in Karakoram, Xinjiang: Constraints from Mineralogy and Trace Element Geochemistry

et al. 2023

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The Huoshaoyun zinc–lead deposit, a giant non-sulfide deposit in Xinjiang, is one of the most significant discoveries of zinc–lead deposit in China and globally in recent years. The deposit is dominated by zinc–lead non-sulfides, with minor occurrences of sulfides such as sphalerite, galena, and pyrite. The non-sulfide minerals include smithsonite, cerussite, anglesite, and Fe-oxide. This study focuses on the mineralogical characteristics of sulfide and non-sulfide ores, as well as the trace element characteristics of sphalerite, smithsonite, and Fe-oxide. Mineralogical analysis reveals that smithsonite is derived from the oxidation of primary sulfide minerals and can be classified into three types that are generated during different stages of supergene oxidation. The three types of smithsonite are formed through replacing the sphalerite and host limestone, as well as directly precipitating in the fissures and vugs. Trace element analysis of sphalerite indicates that it is rich in Cd, Tl, and Ge, but poor in Fe and Mn. The ore-forming temperature, calculated using the GGIMFis geothermometer, is mostly within the range of 100~150 °C. Moreover, the trace element characteristics, ore-forming temperature, and S and Pb isotope compositions of the sulfide ores of the Huoshaoyun deposit are similar to those of the Jinding and Duocaima MVT lead–zinc deposits, which are also located in the Eastern Tethyan zinc–lead belt. This suggests that the sulfide orebody in the Huoshaoyun Zn-Pb deposit could also be the MVT deposit. Study of the trace element of the non-sulfide minerals shows that the Mn and Cd are relatively enriched in smithsonite, while Ga, Ge, and Pb are enriched in Fe-oxide. This can be attributed to distinct geochemical properties of the trace elements in the non-sulfide minerals of the Huoshaoyun deposit and is consistent with those of the other oxidized MVT deposits, thus indicating the supergene oxidation process of this deposit.

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Section: Geology Of the Huoshaoyun Depositmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geology Of the Huoshaoyun Depositmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genesis of the Giant Huoshaoyun Non-Sulfide Zinc–Lead Deposit in Karakoram, Xinjiang: Constraints from Mineralogy and Trace Element Geochemistry

et al. 2023

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“…其中, MVT矿床在全国广泛分布(图1), 主要以碳酸盐岩为赋矿围岩, 以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主要矿石矿物, 以黄铁矿为主要脉石硫化物. 但是, 金顶和乌拉根两个 MVT矿床(图1)以砂岩为主要赋矿围岩 [59,60] , 火烧云矿床(图1)则以菱锌矿、白铅矿为主要矿石矿物 [61,62] . 这些MVT矿床中, 有超大型矿床25个, 大型矿床10个, 铅锌资源量前3的矿床(火烧云、金顶、厂坝-李家沟)分别列在世界MVT铅锌资源榜的第2~4位 [58] .…”

Section: 截至目前中国主要的沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床超过unclassified

Critical metals in sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in China

Liu¹,

Hou²,

Yue³

et al. 2021

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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“…The borderland is rich in mineral reserves, and there are several mines that are exploited or explored. The Aksai Chin has one of the largest zinc-lead deposits in the world, which is currently being prepared for exploitation [ 25 ]. Fifty kilometers north of the McMahon line, China launched large-scale investments into mining gold and silver in Lhünzê County.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rising tension in the Himalayas: A geospatial analysis of Chinese border incursions into India

et al. 2022

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The China-India border is the longest disputed border in the world. The countries went to war in 1962 and there have been recurring border skirmishes ever since. Reports of Chinese incursions into Indian territory are now a frequent occurrence. This rising tension between the world’s most populous countries not only poses risks for global security and the world economy, but also has a negative impact on the unique ecology of the Himalayas, because of the expanding military infrastructure. We have assembled a unique data set of the dates and locations of the major incursions over the past 15 years. We find that the conflict can be separated into two independent conflicts, the western and eastern sectors. The incursions in these sectors are statistically independent. However, major incidents do lead to an increased tension that persists for years all along the entire Line of Actual Control (LAC). This leads us to conclude that an agreement on the exact location of a limited number of contested regions, such as the Doklam plateau on the China-Bhutan border, has the potential to significantly defuse the conflict, and could potentially settle the dispute at a further date. Building on insights from game theory, we find that the Chinese incursions in the west are strategically planned and may aim for a more permanent control over specific contested areas. This finding is in agreement with other studies into the expansionist strategy of the current Chinese government.

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Geology and Geochemistry of the giant Huoshaoyun zinc-lead deposit, Karakorum Range, northwestern Tibet

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Genesis of the Giant Huoshaoyun Non-Sulfide Zinc–Lead Deposit in Karakoram, Xinjiang: Constraints from Mineralogy and Trace Element Geochemistry

Genesis of the Giant Huoshaoyun Non-Sulfide Zinc–Lead Deposit in Karakoram, Xinjiang: Constraints from Mineralogy and Trace Element Geochemistry

Critical metals in sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in China

Rising tension in the Himalayas: A geospatial analysis of Chinese border incursions into India

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