Geology and genesis of the Debao Cu polymetallic skarn deposit, southwestern China

Wang, Qingfei; Shu, Qihai; Weng, Weijun; Xu, Xiaojie; Wang, Ting‐Yi; Zhang, Qizuan

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104046

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…3), indicating that the Yushui copper mineralization is syngenetic and occurred in the Carboniferous. This supports the conclusion that Yushui is not an epigenetic deposit, as previously suggested, such as a MVT or late-stage hydrothermal replacement deposit (Chen et al 1994;Cai et al 1996;Liu 1997;Cheng et al 2014).…”

Section: Dolomite Sr and Sm-nd Isotope Compositionssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Yushui contains a reserve of 102.1 kt Cu @ 3.5%, 186.6 kt Pb @ 4.29%, 117.6 kt Zn @ 2.91% and 339 t Ag @ 112 g/t (He 1990). The ore genesis has been variably interpreted as of syngenetic exhalativesedimentary type (sediment-hosted massive sul de deposit or SEDEX) (He 1990; Gu et al 2007; or of epigenetic hydrothermal type (MVT or late hydrothermal replacement) (Chen et al 1994;Cai et al 1996;Liu 1997;Cheng et al 2014). Recently, we have identi ed geological evidence, such as volcanic rocks, uid channels, syn-volcanic faults, and exhalites at Yushui, and proposed that the deposit may be classi ed as VMS-type .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The shallow marine VMS copper deposit of Yushui, Eastern Guangdong, South China: Evidence from geology, geochronology and geochemistry

Chen,

Yang,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Many massive sulfide deposits have been discovered in the Upper Paleozoic rift-related volcaniclastic sequence in South China, among which the Yushui copper deposit is the most important due to its high grade. The deposit has been variably attributed as SEDEX (Sedimentary Exhalative) or MVT (Mississippi Valley Type). The Yushui copper deposit in Guangdong (South China) contains stratiform bornite-chalcopyrite orebodies (102.1 kt Cu @ 3.5%, 186.6 kt Pb @ 4.29%, 117.6 kt Zn @ 2.91% and 339 t Ag @ 112 g/t) developed along the contact between Upper Carboniferous dolostone and Lower Carboniferous pebbly quartz sandstone, which indicates a shallow marine deposition environment. The Yushui deposit comprises an upper massive sulfide orebody and a lower stockwork orebody with intense alteration. In this study, we newly identified Carboniferous tuffs and syn-volcanic faults in the footwall, and exhalites in the hanging-wall. Hematite from the Cu ores yielded a U-Pb age of 320 ± 15 Ma (MSWD = 2.1, n = 57), and hydrothermal dolomite yielded a Sm-Nd isochron age of 308.1 ± 4.6 Ma (n = 7; MSWD = 0.94), which constrains the timing of mineralization at Yushui. These ages are coeval with the Carboniferous host rocks. Combining the evidence from the geological features (syn-volcanic faults, volcanic rocks, exhalites) and hematite trace element compositions, we suggest that the Yushui is a shallow marine VMS (Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide) deposit. The Sr-Nd isotope composition of hydrothermal dolomite (εNd ~-12) indicates that the ore-forming materials were originated from the crustal basement. The Yushui copper deposit was likely formed during the Late Carboniferous continental backarc extension in eastern South China. The regional extension may have caused enhanced heat flow, which promoted fluid convection in the basement rocks. In addition, we suggest that volcanic rocks and disseminated chalcopyrite-pyrite mineralization in the Lower Carboniferous quartz sandstone and exhalites are good indicators for regional VMS prospecting.

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Section: Dolomite Sr and Sm-nd Isotope Compositionssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The shallow marine VMS copper deposit of Yushui, Eastern Guangdong, South China: Evidence from geology, geochronology and geochemistry

Chen,

Yang,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…While this model accounts for the compositional dependence by comparing unit‐cell dimensions to an almandine garnet, its applicability to substantially larger unit‐cell garnets like grossular remains unknown. Skarn systems typically exhibit more oxidized conditions (Chen et al., 2021; Z. Zhang & Saxena, 1991) than the carbon‐carbon oxides (CCO) buffer employed in most experiments. These available models do not explicitly account for water contents in garnet that can significantly accelerate diffusion (B. Zhang et al., 2019; X. Zhang et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Timescale and Carbon Flux Recorded by Skarn Garnet From Gangdese Arc, Southern Tibet

Zhou,

Chu,

Chen

2024

JGR Solid Earth

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Contact metamorphism of carbonate rocks in response to fluid infiltration releases carbon dioxide (CO2), potentially affecting Earth's carbon budget over geological timescales. This process was notably active in the Cretaceous when the closure of the Neo‐Tethys Ocean led to extensive arc magmatism in southern Tibet, coincident with a greenhouse climate interval. These arc plutons intersected carbonate sequences and formed widespread calcsilicate rocks. The mineral assemblages of these rocks record both the progression and duration of the CO2 release. In this study, we focus on a representative aureole in southern Tibet that was metamorphosed by a ∼64 Ma granitoid pluton of the Gangdese Batholith. The aureole presents lithologic zonation, with the inner garnet‐wollastonite zone indicating equilibrium with a water‐rich fluid at ∼525°C. Large garnet porphyroblasts feature cross‐cutting veins of secondary garnets that illustrate several stages of interface‐coupled dissolution‐reprecipitation processes facilitated by fluid infiltration. Diffusion modeling for Mg concentration profiles across vein‐host garnet yields a brief high‐temperature stage (25–150 kyr)—a duration still significantly overestimated considering factors that may accelerate diffusion in garnet, such as lattice parameters and hydration. Such short timescale aligns with conduction modeling of a cooling pluton, which, combined with the bulk‐rock mass balance analysis, indicates a local carbon flux comparable to fluxes at other modern tectonic settings. The metamorphic decarbonation, potentially episodic, in the continental arc may have been an important endogenic carbon source in the late Cretaceous.

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Episodic water-fluxed anatexis recorded by migmatites from the Paleozoic Wuyi-Yunkai Orogeny in South China

Xue,

Wang,

Chew

et al. 2024

Gondwana Research

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Geology and genesis of the Debao Cu polymetallic skarn deposit, southwestern China

Cited by 11 publications

References 86 publications

The shallow marine VMS copper deposit of Yushui, Eastern Guangdong, South China: Evidence from geology, geochronology and geochemistry

The shallow marine VMS copper deposit of Yushui, Eastern Guangdong, South China: Evidence from geology, geochronology and geochemistry

The Timescale and Carbon Flux Recorded by Skarn Garnet From Gangdese Arc, Southern Tibet

Episodic water-fluxed anatexis recorded by migmatites from the Paleozoic Wuyi-Yunkai Orogeny in South China

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