Geological, rare earth elemental and isotopic constraints on the origin of the Banbanqiao Zn–Pb deposit, southwest China

Li, Bo; Zhou, Jia‐Xi; Huang, Zhilong; Yan, Zeyu; Bao, Guangping; Sun, Hongyu

doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.08.007

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…1b) (Liu and Lin, 1999;Zhou et al, 2013a;Wang et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2015;Hu et al, 2017). These deposits were formed between 245 Ma and 192±7 Ma as constrained by Pb model ages, and hydrothermal calcite/fluorite Sm-Nd and sphalerite/pyrite Rb-Sr isochron dating (Guan and Li, 1999;Si et al, 2006;Li et al, 2007;Lin et al, 2010;Mao et al, 2012;Zhou et al, 2013aZhou et al, , 2013bZhou et al, , 2015Zhang et al, 2015). These dates broadly match the ages of basalt-hosted native Cu deposits in the ELIP (231±3-225±2 Ma: Zhu et al, 2007), Carlin-like Au deposits in the Youjiang Basin (235±33-204±19 Ma: Chen et al, 2015) and detritus (~230-206 Ma) in the Songpan-Ganzê Orogenic Belt that resulted from collision with the western Yangtze Block during the late Triassic (Enkelmann et al, 2007).…”

Section: Geology Of the Western Yangtze Blockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies suggested that there are three potential metal sources in the SYG province, namely the late Permian Emeishan basalts, ore-hosting late Ediacaran to middle Permian sedimentary rocks and Meso-to Neo-proterozoic metamorphic rocks (Zheng and Wang, 1991;Zhou et al, 2001Zhou et al, , 2013aHuang et al, 2004;Li et al, 2007Li et al, , 2015Li et al, , 2016Zhang et al, 2015;Jin et al, 2016;Zhu et al, 2017). Compared with the basalts, sedimentary rocks and basement rocks, galena has Pb isotopic ratios that differ from all of them in the diagram of 207 Pb/ 204 Pb vs. 206 Pb/ 204 Pb (Fig.…”

Section: Evidence From In Situ Pb Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ore genesis of the Fule Pb Zn deposit and its relationship with the Emeishan Large Igneous Province: Evidence from mineralogy, bulk C O S and in situ S Pb isotopes

et al. 2018

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Magmatic activity plays an important role in mineralization, but little is understood of its role with respect to carbonate-hosted stratabound epigenetic Pb-Zn deposits. The Fule Pb-Zn deposit (~10 Mt of sulfide ore with mean grades of 15-20 wt. % Zn + Pb), is stratigraphically placed in middle Permian strata and spatially (~1 m) associated with late Permian continental flood basalts of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP). It thus provides an ideal case to investigate its genetic relationship with the ELIP. In addition, the Fule deposit is characterized by high concentrations of Ag, Cd, Ge and Ga, and contains a variety of Cu and Ni sulfide minerals. Syn-ore calcite (δ 13 C = +2.57-+3.01‰) and associated fluids (δ 13 C = +2.96-+3.40‰) have δ 13 C values similar to those of fresh limestone (δ 13 C = +1.58-+2.63‰), but the δ 18 O values of calcite (+16.83-+19.92‰) and associated fluids (+7.80-+10.89‰) are distinctly lower than those of limestone (δ 18 O = +21.85-+23.61‰). This means that C is mainly derived from limestone, whereas the O isotope signature may be related to water/rock (W/R) interaction between mantle and/or metamorphic fluids and limestone. δ 34 S values of sulfide minerals obtained by in situ NanoSIMS and conventional bulk techniques record a range of +9.8-+23.1‰ and +10.04-+16.43‰, respectively, reflecting the enrichment of heavy S isotopes in the oreforming fluids and thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) is the principal mechanism for the formation of S 2-. Cores of sulfide crystals have much higher δ 34 S values than their rims, indicating a probable mixture of multiple S reservoirs and/or a dynamic fractionation of S isotopes occurred during sulfide precipitation. The uniform femtosecond (fs) LA-MC-ICPMS in situ Pb isotopic data for galena plot in the field that differs from any of the three potential 3 sources in the region. Such signatures demonstrate that metal Pb was most likely derived from a well-mixed source of basalts, sedimentary rocks and basement rocks. We propose that (a) the enrichment in Ag, Cu, Ni, Cd, Ge and Ga, and the isotope signatures of hydrothermal minerals in the Fule region are related to fluids derived from or flowed through multiple reservoirs; (b) Emeishan magmatism provided heat, elements and associated fluids, and its basalts acted as an impermeable and protective layer; and (c) fluid mixing caused TSR, and then resulted in W/R interaction and CO2 degassing, all of which played a key role in the precipitation of hydrothermal minerals.

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Section: Geology Of the Western Yangtze Blockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence From In Situ Pb Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ore genesis of the Fule Pb Zn deposit and its relationship with the Emeishan Large Igneous Province: Evidence from mineralogy, bulk C O S and in situ S Pb isotopes

et al. 2018

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“…the spatially associated Emeishan basalts, ore-hosting sedimentary rocks and basement metamorphic rocks (e.g. Huang et al, 2004;Zhou JX et al, 2013a, 2014bLi et al, 2015Li et al, , 2016. Compared with the ore formation age-corrected (200 Ma; e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radiogenic isotopes are a powerful tool for tracing the origin of mineralizing elements and associated fluids, among which, Pb and Sr isotopes have been widely used for determining the source and evolution of hydrothermal fluids (e.g. Carr et al, 1995;Zhou CX et al, 2001;Wilkinson et al, 2005;Li et al, 2015). Microbeam analytical techniques have the potential to provide crucial microscale chemical and isotopic information to reveal the ore formation process and depositional environment of hydrothermal systems (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ Pb and bulk Sr isotope analysis of the Yinchanggou Pb-Zn deposit in Sichuan Province (SW China): Constraints on the origin and evolution of hydrothermal fluids

Tan

Zhou

et al. 2017

Ore Geology Reviews

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The Yinchanggou Pb-Zn deposit, located in southwestern Sichuan Province, western Yangtze Block, is stratigraphically controlled by late Ediacaran Dengying Formation and contains > 0.3 Mt metal reserves with 11 wt. % Pb + Zn. A principal feature is that this deposit is structurally controlled by normal faults, whereas other typical deposits nearby (e.g. Maozu) are controlled by reverse faults. The origin of the Yinchanggou deposit is still controversial. Ore genetic models, based on conventional whole-rock isotope tracers, favor either sedimentary basin brine, magmatic water or metamorphic fluid sources. Here we use in situ Pb and bulk Sr isotope features of sulfide minerals to constrain the origin and evolution of hydrothermal fluids. The Pb isotope compositions of galena determined by femtosecond LA-MC-ICPMS are as follows: 206 Pb/ 204 Pb

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“…In recent years, more detailed research has revealed that most of these Pb‐Zn deposits are clearly epigenetic, but different ideas have been proposed for their genesis. The most popular hypotheses are as follows: (a) The Permian Emeishan basalts are an important source of the ore‐forming metals and heat (Han, Liu, et al, ; Huang et al, ; Huang, Li, Zhou, Li, & Jin, ; Liu & Lin, ); (b) these Pb‐Zn deposits are Mississippi Valley‐type deposits that probably resulted from large‐scale migration of basinal brines (Wu, ; Zhang, ; Zhang et al, ; Zhou, Wei, Guo, & Li, ); and (c) the Pb‐Zn deposits in this region could be a unique type that is different from the typical Mississippi Valley‐type deposits (e.g., Huize type; Han et al, ; Li et al, ; Zhou et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of ore‐forming material for Pb‐Zn deposits in the Sichuan‐Yunnan‐Guizhou triangle area: Multiple constraints from C‐H‐O‐S‐Pb‐Sr isotopic compositions

Kong

Liang

et al. 2017

Geological Journal

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The Sichuan‐Yunnan‐Guizhou Pb‐Zn triangle area is located in the western margin of the Yangtze Block and comprises more than 400 ore deposits or prospects. This triangular area contains 200 million tons of ores at average grades of 5 wt.% Pb and 10 wt.% Zn. The Pb‐Zn ore bodies are mainly distributed as stratoid and vein types within the Neoproterozoic to Permian carbonate rocks, which are typical epigenetic Pb‐Zn mineralizations. Previous studies have mainly focused on individual deposits. In this study, the compositions of C‐H‐O‐S‐Pb‐Sr isotopes of approximately 20 typical deposits are summarized and studied in detail to reveal the source of the ore‐forming material. δ13CPDB ‐ δ18OSMOW isotopic compositions of the hydrothermal calcite, dolomite, and fluid inclusions show that CO2 in the ore‐forming fluids could have been derived from marine carbonate with subordinate incorporation of organic matter. In addition, δDH2O ‐ δ18OH2O isotopic studies also indicate the multisource features of the ore‐forming fluids, for example, meteoric water and metamorphic water; meanwhile, some deposits are related to organic fluids. The δ34S values of most sulphide minerals range from +9.0‰ to +28.6‰, similar to late Neoproterozoic to Permian seawater sulphate (+8.0‰ to +38.7‰). This similarity suggests that the reduced sulphur in sulphides could have been mainly derived from the thermochemical sulphate reduction of the host strata seawater sulphate. In addition, thermal decomposition of sulphur‐bearing organic matter could have provided some of the reduced sulphur for mineralization in some Pb‐Zn deposits. The Pb isotopic compositions of the sulphides from most deposits are totally homogeneous and located between the crustal Pb and orogenic Pb evolution curves. Comparing these deposits with the regional basement rocks, sedimentary strata, and Permian Emeishan basalts, we propose that the metals for Pb‐Zn mineralization were mainly derived from the basement rocks and sedimentary country rocks. For some deposits (e.g., Jinshachang) with highly radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions, their Pb mainly originated from Precambrian basement carbonaceous slate and Lower Cambrian shales. The (87Sr/86Sr)t ratios of sphalerite, hydrothermal calcite, and fluorite range from 0.7099 to 0.7469, higher than those of the regional sediments and the Emeishan basalts, but lower than those of the Proterozoic basement rocks. Such features also indicate the mixing source for Sr in sulphides and ore‐forming fluids. The comprehensive study of multiple C‐H‐O‐S‐Pb‐Sr isotopes from typical deposits suggests mixed sources for the ore‐forming fluids and materials in this triangular area.

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Geological, rare earth elemental and isotopic constraints on the origin of the Banbanqiao Zn–Pb deposit, southwest China

Cited by 25 publications

References 63 publications

Ore genesis of the Fule Pb Zn deposit and its relationship with the Emeishan Large Igneous Province: Evidence from mineralogy, bulk C O S and in situ S Pb isotopes

Ore genesis of the Fule Pb Zn deposit and its relationship with the Emeishan Large Igneous Province: Evidence from mineralogy, bulk C O S and in situ S Pb isotopes

In situ Pb and bulk Sr isotope analysis of the Yinchanggou Pb-Zn deposit in Sichuan Province (SW China): Constraints on the origin and evolution of hydrothermal fluids

Sources of ore‐forming material for Pb‐Zn deposits in the Sichuan‐Yunnan‐Guizhou triangle area: Multiple constraints from C‐H‐O‐S‐Pb‐Sr isotopic compositions

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