Geological methods applied to speleogenetical research in vertical caves: the example of Torca Teyera shaft (Picos de Europa, northern Spain)

Ballesteros, Daniel; Jiménez-Sánchez, Montserrat; Garcı́a-Sansegundo, Joaquı́n; Giralt, Santiago

doi:10.1007/s13146-011-0052-7

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The hydrogeology and geomorphology of this catchment is highly influenced by the presence of the karst massif of Picos de Europa. This karst contains 13% of the world's shafts known to be deeper than 1.000 m [ Ballesteros et al ., ] and some 3648 documented cavities encompassing 355 km of conduits [ Ballesteros et al ., ]. At altitudes above 1700 m there is practically no vegetation, and evapotranspiration is below 200 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main aquifer discharge occurs through the many springs on the valley bottoms of the main tributaries and even through the river beds, although there are also springs with significantly lower flows in the upper parts of the karst discharging small perched aquifers [ Adrados et al ., ; Fernández‐Giber et al ., ]. The rivers are characterized by high channel gradients and short channel lengths, with canyons up to 2000 m deep which evidence the significant fluvial incision in the area [ Ballesteros et al ., ]. The southeastern part of the catchment, which includes the two main Deva tributaries (Figure ) and the uppermost part of the Cares tributary catchment, has a different hydrological character dominated by surface runoff flows imposed by old mature forests over shales and conglomerates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping the temporary and perennial character of whole river networks

González-Ferreras

Barquín

2017

Water Resources Research

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Knowledge of the spatial distribution of temporary and perennial river channels in a whole catchment is important for effective integrated basin management and river biodiversity conservation. However, this information is usually not available or is incomplete. In this study, we present a statistically based methodology to classify river segments from a whole river network (Deva‐Cares catchment, Northern Spain) as temporary or perennial. This method is based on an a priori classification of a subset of river segments as temporary or perennial, using field surveys and aerial images, and then running Random Forest models to predict classification membership for the rest of the river network. The independent variables and the river network were derived following a computer‐based geospatial simulation of riverine landscapes. The model results show high values of overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for the evaluation of the fitted model to the training and testing data set (≥0.9). The most important independent variables were catchment area, area occupied by broadleaf forest, minimum monthly precipitation in August, and average catchment elevation. The final map shows 7525 temporary river segments (1012.5 km) and 3731 perennial river segments (662.5 km). A subsequent validation of the mapping results using River Habitat Survey data and expert knowledge supported the validity of the proposed maps. We conclude that the proposed methodology is a valid method for mapping the limits of flow permanence that could substantially increase our understanding of the spatial links between terrestrial and aquatic interfaces, improving the research, management, and conservation of river biodiversity and functioning.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the temporary and perennial character of whole river networks

González-Ferreras

Barquín

2017

Water Resources Research

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“…It is also possible to use octagonal (like Ballesteros et al, 2011) It was also found that the way the width and height data were measured also affects the results. First, the maximum measurable length (in open space) was given as the base of the modeling, and then the maximum geometric extent was also tested.…”

Section: Estimations Of Unknown Passagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Karst porosity estimations from archive cave surveys - Studies in the Buda Thermal Karst System (Hungary)

Albert¹,

Virág²,

Erőss³

2015

IJS

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Abstract:The Buda Thermal Karst System is located under the densely populated hills of Budapest. One of its caves (Pál-völgy Cave System) is the longest cave of Hungary with 30.1 km. The research was done in this area as a methodological study to estimate karst porosity parameters of aquifers or hydrocarbon reservoirs. In this study two modeling methods are demonstrated. The volumetric modeling method was primarily aimed to determine the macro-scale (>0.5 m) conduit porosity (referred as macroporosity) of the study area as percentage of the incorporating limestone and marl. This method is based on archive survey data (maps and records). Through this method, morphometric parameters and the approximate sizes of the unexplored cave parts were also calculated. The porosity modeling was aimed at the estimation of the meso-scale (0.02-0.5 m) and macro-scale conduit porosity. It is based on rock face measurements near the Pál-völgy Cave System and image analysis. The matching macroporosity estimations of the two methods suggest that the map-based volumetric modeling method can be a useful tool for karstologists and modeling experts to extract as much information as possible from existing cave maps, even if the records of the original survey were lost or scanty. With the matrix porosity data published earlier from this area, and the conduit porosity calculated from the models, hydrological models of the area can be completed.cave surveys; karst porosity; 3D models; Buda Thermal Karst System; porosity model

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“…Las aguas saturadas o próximas a la saturación que penetran en el interior de las cavidades endokársticas, pierden CO 2 para equilibrarse con la cantidad de dióxido de carbono presente en el aire de las cuevas, precipitando en consecuencia parte de los carbonatos que llevan en disolución. Se forman así diversos tipos de espeleotemas que pueden agruparse en formas de flujo (flowstone), de goteo (dripstone) y mixtas (Bögli, 1980;White, 1988;Ford y Williams, 1989;Ballesteros, 2010;Ballesteros et al 2011). Los espeleotemas son Investigaciones Geográficas, nº 57 (2012) muy abundantes en las cavidades del Macizo Occidental de los Picos de Europa.…”

Section: Los Depósitos Del Interior De Las Cavidadesunclassified

“…Sin embargo, y pese a que los Picos de Europa cuentan con 12 de las 89 simas más profundas del mundo conocidas en la actualidad, todas ellas con más de 1.000 m de desarrollo vertical 1 (Federación Española de Espeleología, 2011), sus cavidades endokársticas son bastante desconocidas salvo en el ámbito de la espeleología; con multitud de publicaciones centradas en cuestiones relacionadas con esta actividad, pero muy pocas de carácter científico, destacando en este sentido los trabajos de Smart (1984), Senior (1987), Rossi (2004), Lloyd (1990) y Ballesteros et al (2011). Por tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es el estado de la cuestión sobre la formación y las características de las cavidades endokársticas del Macizo del Cornión, que es el mejor estudiado de los tres que integran los Picos de Europa.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified