Geological constraints on massive sulphide genesis in the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Sáez, Reinaldo; Almodóvar, G. R.; Pascual, Emilio Soler

doi:10.1016/s0169-1368(96)00012-1

Cited by 106 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…General syntheses on the IPB include those of Strauss et al (1977), Routhier et al (1980), IGME (1982), Barriga (1990), Sáez et al (1996), Leistel et al (1998), Carvalho et al (1999, Junta de Andalucía (1999), Tornos et al (2000), Tornos (2006). Other general studies deal with stratigraphy (Oliveira 1990;Pereira et al 2007), volcanism (Munhá 1983;Mitjavila et al 1997;Thiéblemont et al 1998), structure and regional metamorphism (e.g., Munhá 1990;Silva et al 1990;Quesada 1998) or the facies architecture of the volcano-sedimentary complex (Soriano and Martí 1999;Junta de Andalucía 1999;Rosa 2007).…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction and Geological Setting of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Inverno

Montes

Rosa

et al. 2015

Mineral Resource Reviews

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The 250 × 20-70 km Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) is a Variscan metallogenic province in SW Portugal and Spain hosting the largest concentration of massive sulphide deposits worldwide. The lowermost stratigraphic unit is the early Givetian to late Famennian-Strunian (base unknown) PhylliteQuartzite Group (PQG), with shales, quartz-sandstones, quartzwacke siltstones, minor conglomerate and limestones at the top. The PQG is overlain by the Volcanic Sedimentary Complex (VSC), of late Famennian to mid-late Visean age, with a lower part of mafic volcanic rocks, rhyolites, dacites and dark shales, hosting VHMS deposits on top (many times capped by a jasper/chert layer), and an upper part, with dark, purple and other shales and volcanogenic/volcaniclastic rocks, carrying Mn oxide deposits. The VSC is covered by the thousands of meters thick Baixo Alentejo Flysch Group of late Visean to Moscovian age. The VSC

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Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction and Geological Setting of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Inverno

Montes

Rosa

et al. 2015

Mineral Resource Reviews

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“…the Rio Tinto mining district (Huelva province, SW Spain), a part of the Iberian Pyrite Belt which extends for 230 km NW of Seville, Spain, to South of Lisbon, Portugal (Sáez et al 1996;Hudson-Edwards et al 1999;Gurmendi 2007;Newman 2007b). It is the world's oldest continuously opening mine (Wilson 1981) where copper, gold, silver and pyrite are mined from approximately 2,500 BP to the present (Pinedo 1963;Strauss et al 1977) using both opencast and underground mines; 2. the Malaga mining district (Galán et al 1999;Lapuente et al 2000), and the Ossa Morena and the Almeria ones (Lapuente et al 2000).…”

Section: Spain and Portugalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of quarry and mine blast contamination in European regional catalogues

Gulia

2009

Nat Hazards

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The presence of quarry and mine blasts in seismic catalogues is detected using the Wiemer and Baer (Bull Seism Soc Am 90 (2): [525][526][527][528][529][530] 2000) algorithm. The procedure is based on the observation that quarry blasts generally take place during daytime hours: the areas with a high ratio of daytime and night-time events are likely to be regions with quarry activity. In the first part of this work we have tested the method, using both a synthetic and a regional catalogue; in the second part the procedure has been applied to some of the European regional catalogues available on line. The comparison between the results obtained and the location of known quarries and mines for the analysed catalogues confirms the reliability of the methodology in identifying mining areas.

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“…The geology ofthe IPB has been studied by numerous authors: notable publications inc1ude Strauss et al (1977), Routhier et al (1978), Barriga and Carvalho (1983), Sáez et al (1996Sáez et al ( , 1999, Quesada (1998) and Leistel et al (1998a). There is agreement among most workers on the existence ofthree main geological units in the Spanish part ofthe IPB, from bottom (older) to top (younger) these are: (1) a detrital platform sequence of Middle Devonian to Late Famenian age, known as the Phyllitic-Quartzite Group, (2) a vo1canic and sedimentary formation of Late Famenian to Middle Visean age (approx.…”

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Masa Valverde blind massive sulphide deposit, Iberian Pyrite Belt (Spain)

Ruiz¹,

Arribas²

2002

Ore Geology Reviews

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Masa Valverde is a blind, volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposit recently discovered in the Spanish sector of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB). The deposit is more than 1 km long and is located at depths between 400 and 850 m, in direct spatial association with a residual gravimetric anomaly. The ore body is concealed beneath Culm sedimentary rocks which cover the westem extension of a Hercynian age anticline, a few kilometers west of an area where older massive sulphide workings existed. The Masa Valverde deposit consists of two main ore bodies composed dominantly of massive and banded pyrite which are hosted by a volcano-sedimentary sequence made up of felsic tuffs interlayered with shale, siliceous exhalite and radiolarian chert. The abundance of sedimentary host rocks to the deposit is a feature shared by other large massive sulphide deposits in the eastem sector of the IPB and is interpreted as significant with respect to the origin of the deposit (a break in volcanic activity). The thickness of the upper massive sulphide orebody varies between a few meters and 70 m, and it consists of lenses and blankets of massive sulphides with interbedded tuff and shale and occasionally stockwork zones. The lower orebody is smaller and thinner than the upper one, but this may be due to incomplete drilling. Two types of stockwork occur beneath the massive sulphide bodies, the more common type consists of irregular and anastomosing sulphide veinlets and irregular blebs formed by replacement. Stockwork with cross-cutting, generally straight-sided, sulphide veins is, by contrast, suggestive of formation by hydraulic fracturing. The mineralogy and alteration processes of the ore and host rocks at Masa Valverde are analogous to those of other IPB massive sulphides. The average temperature of formation of the components of the ore zones estimated on the basis of chlorite thermometry are as follows: siliceous exhalites (290 OC), massive sulphides (325 OC) and stockworks (305 OC). Rare earth element measurements indicate that the lowest metal concentrations occur in chloritites, which occasionally host Cu-rich stockwork and are characterised by a strongly negative Eu anomaly. By contrast, rocks hosting the sulphide lenses, where silicification, sericitization and carbonatization are more intense, are enriched in LREE. Two main stages of hydrothermal activity are suggested for the Masa Valverde deposit. During an early stage, ore fluids would have discharged onto the sea floor resulting in the deposition of pyrite with sphalerite and galena. Later on, with continued input of high temperature fluids (290 to 315 OC), chalcopirite precipitated, especially in the stockworks and at the base of the sulphide lenses. At Masa Valverde, this late Cu-rich hydrothermal event would have produced an ascending Cu-front which overpassed the stockwork zone and reached a higher temperature (325 OC) at the base of the massive sulphide lenses. The combination of geological, mineralogical and geochemical features of the Masa Valverde deposit p...

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Geological constraints on massive sulphide genesis in the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Cited by 106 publications

References 31 publications

Introduction and Geological Setting of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Introduction and Geological Setting of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Detection of quarry and mine blast contamination in European regional catalogues

Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Masa Valverde blind massive sulphide deposit, Iberian Pyrite Belt (Spain)

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