Geological Analysis of Martian Rover‐Derived Digital Outcrop Models Using the 3‐D Visualization Tool, Planetary Robotics 3‐D Viewer—PRo3D

Barnes, R. P.; Gupta, Sanjeev; Traxler, Christoph; Ortner, Thomas; Bauer, Arnold; Hesina, Gerd; Paar, Gerhard; Huber, Ben; Juhart, Kathrin; Fritz, Laura; Nauschnegg, Bernhard; Müller, J.; Tao, Yu

doi:10.1002/2018ea000374

Cited by 33 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…Dark-toned veins are present both upright in between sandwich veins at Garden City and as fragments of float scattered across the outcrop. Additionally, vein strike and dip measurements show significant variability across Garden City (see Barnes et al, 2018).…”

Section: Garden City Vein Outcrop: a Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral‐Filled Fractures as Indicators of Multigenerational Fluid Flow in the Pahrump Hills Member of the Murray Formation, Gale Crater, Mars

Kronyak

Kah

Edgett

et al. 2019

Earth and Space Science

109

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Mineral‐filled fractures (veins) are valuable indicators of deformation and fluid flow within a sedimentary package. Information obtained from vein morphology, texture, and chemistry may elucidate the sequence and nature of postdepositional fluid events. Additional information from vein patterns and interactions between veins and host rock provides insight into fracture formation mechanism(s). The widespread occurrence of veins and other diagenetic features in the sedimentary rock record preserved in Gale crater, Mars, indicates that postdepositional fluids were regionally active considerably later in time than the primary fluviolacustrine environments responsible for the deposition of Mount Sharp strata. Here we report a suite of veins within the Murray formation at the Pahrump Hills locality that were investigated using the scientific payload of the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover. Based on an analysis of vein color, morphology, and texture, and corroborated by vein chemistry, we interpret three distinct vein types at Pahrump Hills: gray veins, white veins, and dark‐toned veins. These veins represent distinct, separate episodes of postdepositional fluid flow, suggesting a protracted history of fluid stability in Gale crater. Additionally, we utilize vein patterns across multiple lithologies at the Pahrump Hills field site to suggest hydrofracture as the primary mechanism of fracture formation.

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Section: Garden City Vein Outcrop: a Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral‐Filled Fractures as Indicators of Multigenerational Fluid Flow in the Pahrump Hills Member of the Murray Formation, Gale Crater, Mars

Kronyak

Kah

Edgett

et al. 2019

Earth and Space Science

109

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“…Also, stereo panoramas acquired through the left and right WACs were uploaded to an ftp processing pipeline set up by Joanneum Research, and automatically converted into 3D digital outcrop models using the PRoViP tool. The resultant 3D Ordered Point Clouds (OPCs; Traxler et al, 2018) were visualized in PRo3D; a software tool developed specifically for quantitative geological analysis of OPCs created from stereo rover-derived images (Barnes et al, 2018). PRo3D enabled immersive, real-time visualization of the 3D rendered image data for scientific purposes (e.g., Balme et al, 2017;Barnes et al, 2018), allowing for free roaming of a virtual representation of the rover's environment.…”

Section: Data Processing And/or Softwarementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resultant 3D Ordered Point Clouds (OPCs; Traxler et al, 2018) were visualized in PRo3D; a software tool developed specifically for quantitative geological analysis of OPCs created from stereo rover-derived images (Barnes et al, 2018). PRo3D enabled immersive, real-time visualization of the 3D rendered image data for scientific purposes (e.g., Balme et al, 2017;Barnes et al, 2018), allowing for free roaming of a virtual representation of the rover's environment. Measurement tools built-in to the software allowed for the true scale and distances of objects to be measured, up to a distance of about 20 m from the Rover, beyond which the errors become higher.…”

Section: Data Processing And/or Softwarementioning

confidence: 99%

The 2016 UK Space Agency Mars Utah Rover Field Investigation (MURFI)

Balme

Curtis-Rouse

Banham

et al. 2019

Planetary and Space Science

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“…Opportunity acquired numerous stereo imaging data of its surroundings using both its scientific Pancam camera system and the navigational NavCam system. Using these data, and newly developed PRo3D™ software (Barnes et al, 2017), we are able to produce 3D models of many areas of the surface at sufficiently high resolution to reliably establish heights and lengths of many aeolian bedforms. The data used span the period from sol 550 to 2658 (Fig.…”

Section: The Pro3d Measurement Tool and Application To Mer Opportunitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PRo3D allows for measurement and interpretation of the dimensions and geometries of features in the landscape, using simple point, line, polyline, polygon, and best-fit plane features, from which relevant attributes can be extracted. For a detailed summary of the PRo3D software and its application to geological analysis of martian rover-derived stereo-imagery, refer to Barnes et al (2017).…”

Section: The Pro3d Measurement Tool and Application To Mer Opportunitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-based 3D measurements of small aeolian bedforms on Mars and implications for estimating ExoMars rover traversability hazards

Balme

Robson

Barnes

et al. 2018

Planetary and Space Science

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A B S T R A C TRecent aeolian bedforms comprising loose sand are common on the martian surface and provide a mobility hazard to Mars rovers. The ExoMars rover will launch in 2020 to one of two candidate sites: Mawrth Vallis or Oxia Planum. Both sites contain numerous aeolian bedforms with simple ripple-like morphologies. The larger examples are 'Transverse Aeolian Ridges' (TARs), which stereo imaging analyses have shown to be a few metres high and up to a few tens of metres across. Where they occur, TARs therefore present a serious, but recognized and avoidable, rover mobility hazard. There also exists a population of smaller bedforms of similar morphology, but it is unknown whether these bedforms will be traversable by the ExoMars rover. We informally refer to these bedforms as "mini-TARs", as they are about an order of magnitude smaller than most TARs observed to date. They are more abundant than TARs in the Oxia Planum site, and can be pervasive in areas. The aim of this paper is to estimate the heights of these features, which are too small to measured using High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), from orbital data alone. Thereby, we aim to increase our knowledge of the hazards in the proposed ExoMars landing sites. We propose a methodology to infer the height of these mini-TARs based on comparisons with similar features observed by previous Mars rovers. We use roverbased stereo imaging from the NASA Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Opportunity and PRo3D software, a 3D visualisation and analysis tool, to measure the size and height of mini-TARs in the Meridiani Planum region of Mars. These are good analogues for the smaller bedforms at the ExoMars rover candidate landing sites. We show that bedform height scales linearly with length (as measured across the bedform, perpendicular to the crest ridge) with a ratio of about 1:15. We also measured the lengths of many of the smaller aeolian bedforms in the ExoMars rover Oxia Planum candidate landing site, and find that they are similar to those of the Meridiani Planum miniTARs. Assuming that the Oxia Planum bedforms have the same length/height ratio as the MER Opportunity miniTARs, we combine these data to provide a probabilistic method of inferring the heights of bedforms at the Oxia Planum site. These data can then be used to explore the likely traversability of this site. For example, our method suggests that most of the bedforms studied in Oxia Planum have ridge crests higher than 15 cm, but lower than 25 cm. Hence, if the tallest bedforms the ExoMars rover will be able to safely cross are only 15 cm high, then the Oxia Planum sites studied here contain mostly impassable bedforms. However, if the rover can safely traverse 25 cm high bedforms, then most bedforms here will be smaller than this threshold. As an additional outcome, our results show that the mini-TARs have length/height ratios similar to TARs in general. Hence, these bedforms could probably be classified simply as "small TARs", rather than forming a discrete...

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Geological Analysis of Martian Rover‐Derived Digital Outcrop Models Using the 3‐D Visualization Tool, Planetary Robotics 3‐D Viewer—PRo3D

Cited by 33 publications

References 69 publications

Mineral‐Filled Fractures as Indicators of Multigenerational Fluid Flow in the Pahrump Hills Member of the Murray Formation, Gale Crater, Mars

Mineral‐Filled Fractures as Indicators of Multigenerational Fluid Flow in the Pahrump Hills Member of the Murray Formation, Gale Crater, Mars

The 2016 UK Space Agency Mars Utah Rover Field Investigation (MURFI)

Surface-based 3D measurements of small aeolian bedforms on Mars and implications for estimating ExoMars rover traversability hazards

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