Geologic map of the State of Hawai`i

Sherrod, David R.; Sinton, John M.; Watkins, Sarah E.; Brunt, Kelly M.

doi:10.3133/ofr20071089

Cited by 137 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…This is significantly more erosion than on Kilauea/Mauna Loa, but much less than in parts of Kohala (Figure 4c), where the transition to a highly dissected valley-and-ridge landscape is already well under way on the windward side of the peninsula. Streams in the N section of the profile drain the 120-260 kyr Hawi Volcanics, while the S part of the profile is underlain by the 260-500 kyr Pololu Volcanics (Sherrod et al, 2008). The degree of erosion seen in Figure 4b and the N section of Figure 4c is similar, which is not surprising given the similar substrate ages in these two regions.…”

Section: Groundwater Chemical Fluxes and Geomorphologymentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Streams are ephemeral, even in regions of high rainfall (> 4000 mm/yr). Further NW, on older Mauna Kea surfaces (50-120 ka, Sherrod et al, 2008) an incised drainage pattern develops, although with low order branching (Figure 4b). Finally, on Kohala volcano deeply incised amphitheaterheaded canyons dissect the windward escarpment (Figure 4c).…”

Section: Groundwater Chemical Fluxes and Geomorphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical weathering fluxes from volcanic islands and the importance of groundwater: The Hawaiian example

Schopka

Derry

2012

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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We investigated the products and rates of chemical weathering on the Hawaiian Islands, sampling streams on Kaua'i and both streams and groundwater wells on the island of Hawai'i. Dissolved silica was used to investigate the flowpaths of water drained into streams. We found that flowpaths exert a major control on the observed chemical weathering rates. A strong link exists between the degree of landscape dissection and flowpaths of water through the landscape, with streams in undissected landscapes receiving water mainly from surface runoff and streams in highly dissected landscapes receiving a considerable fraction of their water from groundwater (springs and/or seepage). Total alkalinity in Hawaiian streams and groundwater is produced exclusively by silicate chemical weathering. We find that fluxes of total alkalinity (often called "CO 2 consumption rate" in the geochemical literature), from the islands are lower than those observed in basaltic regions elsewhere. Groundwater is, overall, the major transport vector for products of chemical weathering from the Hawaiian Islands. On the youngest and largest island, submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) transports more than an order of magnitude more solutes to the ocean than surface water and on the youngest part of the youngest island, SGD is the only link between the terrestrial weathering system and the ocean. These results suggest that groundwater, and particularly SGD, needs to be included in geochemical weathering budgets of volcanic islands.

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Section: Groundwater Chemical Fluxes and Geomorphologymentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Groundwater Chemical Fluxes and Geomorphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical weathering fluxes from volcanic islands and the importance of groundwater: The Hawaiian example

Schopka

Derry

2012

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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“…1, part b, 20º44′16.01″N, 156º7′23.88″W). The lake is among a string of lakes and bogs distributed along Haleakalā's northeast volcanic rift zone from 1450 to 2300 m elevation and sits within a collapsed cinder cone from a vent deposit dated at 50,000-140,000 years old (Sherrod et al, 2007). Wai'ānapanapa is surrounded by cloud forest and sits very near the forest's upper limit (Fig.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…880 cal yr B.P. (Sherrod et al, 2006(Sherrod et al, , 2007, suggesting lava is also an unlikely ignition source. Regardless, the fire regime intensified around the time of the lowest ACL in the record, suggesting that whatever the ignition source, drought-perhaps driven by the PDO or AL-played a role in intensifying this fire regime.…”

Section: Fire Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The natural disturbance regime for Hawaiian TMCFs includes volcanic activity (Sherrod et al, 2007), isolated landslides, gap dynamics (Kellner andAsner, 2009), stand-scale dieback (Mueller-Dombois, 1980), windstorms (rarely hurricane force), and El Niño-induced droughts (Crausbay et al, 2014). The role of fire in the natural disturbance regime is largely unknown (Smith and Tunison, 1992) and there is no clear evidence of fire in Hawaiian TMCFs today.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subalpine Vegetation Change 14 Years after Feral Animal Removal on Windward East Maui, Hawai'i

Hughes¹,

Cohan

White

et al. 2014

Pacific Science

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Modeling the influence of rainfall gradients on discharge, bedrock erodibility, and river profile evolution, with application to the Big Island, Hawai'i

Han

Gasparini

Johnson

et al. 2014

J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf.

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Motivated by convex-concave bedrock river profiles developed across a climate gradient on the wetside of the Kohala Peninsula of the Big Island of Hawai'i, we numerically model how rainfall gradients may influence longitudinal fluvial incision patterns. First, we model transient profile adjustment with two tectonic boundary conditions: subsidence and uplift. In this generalized analysis, we assume that rainfall gradients only influence incision by modifying the relation between upstream drainage area and local discharge. Using a detachment-limited model, downstream increases in rainfall lead to profile convexities during transient adjustment in both tectonic settings, and this is the opposite of the predicted increase in profile concavity that would develop in a steady state uplifting profile. A transport-limited erosion model develops only concave channel profiles without clear signatures of the rainfall pattern. Second, we model the development of convex-concave transient profiles and incision patterns on Kohala using a detachment-limited model. If rainfall gradients only influence incision through the local discharge, reasonable rainfall gradients can only develop channel convexities that are much smaller than those observed. Instead, we hypothesize that local bedrock erodibility increases with the degree of rainfall-dependent chemical weathering. When local erodibility is assumed to scale with local rainfall rate, the model can produce convex-concave profiles similar to those observed in Kohala. Our results suggest that changes in local bedrock erodibility due to local climate-dependent weathering may be an important mechanism by which climate influences landscape form and rates of evolution. This hypothesis requires further testing in this study area and beyond.

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Geologic map of the State of Hawai`i

Cited by 137 publications

References 102 publications

Chemical weathering fluxes from volcanic islands and the importance of groundwater: The Hawaiian example

Chemical weathering fluxes from volcanic islands and the importance of groundwater: The Hawaiian example

Subalpine Vegetation Change 14 Years after Feral Animal Removal on Windward East Maui, Hawai'i

Modeling the influence of rainfall gradients on discharge, bedrock erodibility, and river profile evolution, with application to the Big Island, Hawai'i

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