Geologic effects of hurricanes

Coch, Nicholas K.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-82012-9.50008-6

Cited by 4 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…El material removilizado se deposita como barras arenosas sumergidas, paralelas a la costa, denominadas barras de tormenta, que en el periodo estival aportarán material a la playa para recuperar el equilibrio del perfil (Scoffin, 1993). En la zona de backshore, expuesta al aire durante la mayoría del tiempo, los sedimentos pueden quedar como un manto de arena, una vez que las playas han sido arrasadas o las dunas superadas por el oleaje, o bien como abanicos de derrame (washover fans) (Figura 2B); este proceso es muy evidente tras el paso de huracanes (Bourrouilh-le Jan y Talandier, 1985;Liu y Fearn, 1993;Coch, 1994;o Goodbred y Hine, 1995). La morfología y estructura interna de los abanicos de derrame depende de múltiples factores como la granulometría de los sedimentos, la pendiente, o bien si se depositan en un medio inundado o expuesto.…”

Section: Los Eventos Catastróficos Costeros Y El Registro Sedimentariounclassified

“…La acción de temporales, huracanes y tsunamis produce en ocasiones una gran mortandad de fauna marina, como moluscos, que pueden ser arrastrados y acumulados en la costa (Boyajian y Thayer, 1995;Jelgersma, Stire y van der Valk, 1995). Esto puede dar lugar a una mala interpretación como acumulación de origen antrópico, al igual que sucede con árboles y vegetación litoral (Boss y Neumann, 1993;Coch, 1994).…”

Section: Los Eventos Catastróficos Costeros Y El Registro Arqueológicounclassified

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El Impacto De Eventos Catastrãficos Costeros en El Litoral Del Golfo De Cãdiz

Duque¹

2008

Rev. atl.-mediterr. prehist. arqueol. soc.

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ResumenEl estudio de los eventos costeros en el pasado es importante para conocer el alcance y los períodos de recurrencia de los mismos, así como su papel de acumulación de la secuencia sedimentaria en el litoral. En este aspecto, la interpretación paleoambiental se basa generalmente en los depósitos de sedimentación "normal" (más lenta y continua), desechando por lo general el análisis de los eventos catastróficos debidos a su escasa frecuencia a una escala humana. Estos fenómenos "catastróficos", incluyendo temporales, huracanes y tsunamis, que logran producir una notable modificación del paisaje costero, afectando intensamente a las instalaciones humanas y constituyendo un riesgo natural de primera magnitud, constituyen el centro de atención del presente artículo.Palabras clave: Costa atlántica, eventos catastróficos, registro geológico, Terremoto de Lisboa 1755, tsunami, registro Golfo de Cádiz. AbstractThe study of the coastal events in the past is important to know their scope and their recurrence periods, as well as its role in the accumulation of the sedimentary sequence in the littoral. In this aspect, the paleoenvironmental interpretation is generally based on the deposits of "normal" sedimentation (slower and continue), rejecting in general the analysis of the catastrophic events due to its scanty frequency to a human scale. These "catastrophic" phenomena, including sea storms, hurricanes, and tsunamis, which manage to produce a notable modification of the coastal landscape, affecting intensely the human facilities and constituting a natural risk of the first magnitude, constitute the centre of attention of the present article.

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Section: Los Eventos Catastróficos Costeros Y El Registro Sedimentariounclassified

Section: Los Eventos Catastróficos Costeros Y El Registro Arqueológicounclassified

El Impacto De Eventos Catastrãficos Costeros en El Litoral Del Golfo De Cãdiz

Duque¹

2008

Rev. atl.-mediterr. prehist. arqueol. soc.

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“…Steers et al ., 1979; Veenstra, 1984; Zagwijn, 1984; Jelgersma et al ., 1995; Knight et al ., 1998; Vasseur & Hequette, 2000). The response of individual dune systems to these forcing events depends on dune morphology, coastal configuration, offshore bathymetry and wind/wave climate variables including wind/wave direction, wind speed and wave height (Coch, 1994; Collins et al ., 1999; Holt, 1999; Vasseur & Hequette, 2000). Coastal sediment sequences are likely to be complex, interbedded, show a range of erosional and depositional signatures and may not be capable of correlation on a lithostratigraphic basis.…”

Section: Storm Surge Model For Sand Dune Development and Lhd Shifts Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of temporal changes in coastal sand dune environments using the log‐hyperbolic grain‐size method

Knight¹,

Orford

Wilson³

et al. 2002

Sedimentology

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Three cores (<9 m long) recovered from late Holocene coastal sand dunes in Northumberland, north-eastern England, were examined stratigraphically and dated by the infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) method to the time period between the Medieval Warm Period (MWP; 900-1200 AD) and Little Ice Age (LIA; 1550-1800 AD). Grain-size variability and CaCO 3 content were determined at 10-mm intervals throughout parts of the cores. The sahara computer program was used to plot the log-hyperbolic distribution (LHD) of grain-size spectra from different stratigraphic levels and estimate the LHD's statistical components. Core samples plot variously in the depositional and erosional domains of the hyperbolic chi (v) vs. xi (n) shape triangle, which describes components of sediment sorting. Depositional and erosional phases, discriminated within the LHD's shape triangle, cannot readily be resolved from core stratigraphies or correlated between cores. IRSL dates from single cores show a clustering about the period 1430-1540. Between the dated horizons, dunes accreted at 0AE02-0AE05 m year )1 , enabling the timing of excursions in v and n to be estimated. These excursions, which can be resolved to the subannual level between the dated horizons, may be related to deposition by episodic storms or storm surges in the North Sea region, which is supported by historical documentary evidence. This innovative use of the LHD method and its derived statistics can be used successfully to describe temporal trends in coastal depositional environments and identify likely storm events in dune sediment records.

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“…Rainfall decreases towards the outer reaches of the hurricane, as do wind speed and pressure gradients (Pielke, 1990). Stronger winds are experienced on the right side of the hurricane (northern hemisphere), as it tracks in a forward motion (Coch, 1994;Morton, 2002).…”

Section: Formation and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Referred to as the inverse barometric pressure effect, the ocean is forced up beneath the hurricane and is greatest at the eye (where pressure is the lowest) and decreases towards areas of higher pressure (Morton, 2002;Irish et al, 2008). However, due to other factors such as wind stress, the maximum storm surge may not necessarily be located at the centre of the storm (Coch, 1994). As wind forcing also generates storm surge by forcing water on to the coastline (often referred to as wave stackup), the maximum storm surge height may occur where wind forcing plays a contributory role (Coch, 1994).…”

Section: Storm Phenomena and Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The geomorphic significance of hurricanes on coral-fringed calcium carbonate coastlines: Hurricane Wilma 15-25 October 2005, northeastern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Mulcahy¹

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<p>Hurricanes and tropical storms can cause large scale morphological changes to barrier beach systems in tropical environments. Many such systems are fronted by coral reefs; however, unlike siliciclastic barrier beaches, little is known about the significance of hurricanes to barrier beach evolution on coral-fringed calcium carbonate coastlines. This study provides a detailed assessment of the impacts of Hurricane Wilma, a major hurricane, on the reef-protected and exposed barrier beaches of northeastern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. The study considers both the short (0-8 months) and medium term (8-56 months) response, and postulates the significance of major storm events over the longer term. Hurricane Wilma made landfall in late October 2005 as a Category 4 hurricane, bringing sustained wind speeds of 67 ms-1, and storm waves with significant wave heights (HS) ≈ 13 m. The storm persisted for over 20 hours, while storm waves inundated the low lying barrier beaches and rainfall flooded inland wetlands and lagoons. To determine the impacts of Hurricane Wilma and quantify post-storm recovery of reef-protected and unprotected barrier beaches, geomorphic mapping and post-storm surveying (2006 and 2010) was completed at 49 locations between Punta Nizuc and Punta Maroma. In addition, 220 sediment samples were collected from across barrier beaches and the backreef lagoon for textural and petrographic analysis. Satellite imagery was also used to quantify immediate storm impacts and recovery of the shoreline. Barrier beaches were found to have responded to storm waves in two broadly different ways: reef-protected beaches accreted by between 2.1 and 24.6 m, as the beach and foredunes were reworked. In contrast, unprotected beaches underwent erosion of over 10 m. By 2006, reef-protected beaches had undergone rapid shoreface and beachface adjustment. Over the next four years, these beaches gradually transgressed landwards and aggraded subaerially as they readjusted to their pre-storm equilibrium beach profile. Exposed beaches responded much more rapidly than those protected by reefs, with shoreline adjustment occurring within eight months of the storm. Subaerial beach development was, however, much slower, requiring extended calm conditions to infill the eroded beach. The storm and post storm geomorphic responses were found to be highly variable alongshore, and influenced by several factors, including dune height, beach width, and wave exposure. The results indicate that under the contemporary climatic conditions hurricanes are key drivers of barrier beach evolution over the short (0-8 months) to medium terms (8-56 months), but are not so influential over longer time scales. However, an expected increase in the number of major storms (category 3-5) in the future may increase the significance of hurricanes to longer term barrier evolution, with the storm impacts likely to be greater and the recovery times longer. Understanding these responses is particularly critical as many areas continue to be developed, and as the coral reef protecting the coastline becomes threatened by the implications of climatic change.</p>

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Geologic effects of hurricanes

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

El Impacto De Eventos Catastrãficos Costeros en El Litoral Del Golfo De Cãdiz

El Impacto De Eventos Catastrãficos Costeros en El Litoral Del Golfo De Cãdiz

Assessment of temporal changes in coastal sand dune environments using the log‐hyperbolic grain‐size method

The geomorphic significance of hurricanes on coral-fringed calcium carbonate coastlines: Hurricane Wilma 15-25 October 2005, northeastern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

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Geologic effects of hurricanes

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

El Impacto De Eventos Catastrãficos Costeros en El Litoral Del Golfo De Cãdiz

El Impacto De Eventos Catastrãficos Costeros en El Litoral Del Golfo De Cãdiz

Assessment of temporal changes in coastal sand dune environments using the log‐hyperbolic grain‐size method

The geomorphic significance of hurricanes on coral-fringed calcium carbonate coastlines: Hurricane Wilma 15-25 October 2005, northeastern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

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El Impacto De Eventos Catastrãficos Costeros en El Litoral Del Golfo De Cãdiz

El Impacto De Eventos Catastrãficos Costeros en El Litoral Del Golfo De Cãdiz