Geography of intergenerational mobility and child development

Donnelly, Louis; Garfinkel, Irwin; Brooks‐Gunn, Jeanne; Wagner, Brandon; James, Sarah; McLanahan, Sara

doi:10.1073/pnas.1700945114

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The same study also shows that the effect of neighbourhoods on mobility depends on the length of exposure in childhood and is thus more likely to derive from peer effects and local resource investments, rather than factors such as access to jobs in adulthood. Another study finds children in low-income households in US counties with high mobility to have better developmental trajectories between the ages of 3 and 9 (Donnelly et al 2017).…”

Section: Neighbourhoods and Local Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

China and the United States: Different economic models but similarly low levels of socioeconomic mobility

Weide¹,

Narayan²

2019

WIDER Working Paper

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The United States and China are the world's largest economies. Together they are responsible for about one-third of the world's economic output. This paper aims to examine whether the two economic giants are also lands of opportunity where resources are allocated in a way that minimizes unrealized human potential. Our analysis shows that despite stark differences in their levels of development, the US and China report remarkably similar levels of socioeconomic mobility; a level that is considered low by international standards. The US's level of socioeconomic mobility has historically been low, with little to no progress over the last three to four decades. Before it embarked on its transition from planned to market economy, socioeconomic mobility was relatively high in China. However, as it underwent a period of rapid economic growth, China's socioeconomic mobility declined significantly. The paper concludes that the world's two major economic powers have converged to a low level of socioeconomic mobility where talent from disadvantaged backgrounds is excluded from opportunities, plausibly implying unrealized human potential and misallocation of resources on a large scale.

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Section: Neighbourhoods and Local Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

China and the United States: Different economic models but similarly low levels of socioeconomic mobility

Weide¹,

Narayan²

2019

WIDER Working Paper

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“…For more than 15 years, researchers have followed these families to collect information related to child and family development as reported by the children as well as the children's mothers, fathers, primary caregivers, and teachers. These rich longitudinal data have already been used in hundreds of published articles and dozens of dissertations on aspects of urban poverty, including multiple-partner fertility (Carlson and Furstenberg 2006), multigenerational households (Pilkauskas 2012), paternal incarceration (Wildeman 2009), housing instability (Desmond and Kimbro 2015), and neighborhood disadvantage (Donnelly et al 2017). 1 Four features of the Fragile Families Study were particularly relevant to the design and conduct of the Fragile Families Challenge.…”

Section: Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Privacy, Ethics, and Data Access: A Case Study of the Fragile Families Challenge

Lundberg

Narayanan

Levy

et al. 2019

Socius

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Stewards of social data face a fundamental tension. On one hand, they want to make their data accessible to as many researchers as possible to facilitate new discoveries. At the same time, they want to restrict access to their data as much as possible to protect the people represented in the data. In this article, we provide a case study addressing this common tension in an uncommon setting: the Fragile Families Challenge, a scientific mass collaboration designed to yield insights that could improve the lives of disadvantaged children in the United States. We describe our process of threat modeling, threat mitigation, and third-party guidance. We also describe the ethical principles that formed the basis of our process. We are open about out process and the trade-offs we made in the hope that others can improve on what we have done.

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“…Less consideration has been given to contextual features that constrain or promote individual success ( Gaydosh & Mullan Harris, 2020 ; Hargrove & Taylor, 2019 ). Research demonstrates that the communities in which children are raised and the schools that they attend influence their chances of upward mobility ( Chetty, Friedman, Saez, Turner, & Yagan, 2017 ; Chetty, Hendren, & Katz, 2015 ; Donnelly et al, 2017 ). Certain community and school characteristics may make high achievement less physiologically taxing, either by reducing the level of effort required to achieve, or by mitigating the negative consequences of sustained high effort.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Youth academic achievement, social context, and body mass index

Gaydosh

McLanahan

2021

SSM - Population Health

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This study assesses the relationship between academic achievement and body mass index for age (BMI) trajectories across childhood and adolescence, and investigates how this relationship is moderated by social context. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that academic achievement is not associated with improved BMI among youth from disadvantaged social contexts. We test for differences by race/ethnicity, and examine the role of county-level economic mobility in shaping these patterns. We use data from the longitudinal Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), an ongoing birth cohort study representative of children born in large US cities in 2000, and measure BMI, academic achievement, and social context at Years 5, 9, and 15. Estimating multilevel random effects linear regression models of BMI from childhood to adolescence, we find that youth who were exposed to social advantage displayed a negative association between academic achievement and BMI. In contrast, youth exposed to social disadvantage displayed no association between academic achievement and BMI. This difference was observed regardless of race/ethnicity. County-level economic mobility modified the observed relationship, such that youth living in places with low levels of mobility displayed higher BMI associated with high academic performance. The results suggest that the health costs of academic achievement among disadvantaged youth are concentrated in areas with low institutional support for upward mobility. The findings demonstrate that the unequal benefits of educational attainment begin early in life, while living in places that promote upward mobility can help individuals realize the health benefits of their own educational attainment.

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Geography of intergenerational mobility and child development

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

China and the United States: Different economic models but similarly low levels of socioeconomic mobility

China and the United States: Different economic models but similarly low levels of socioeconomic mobility

Privacy, Ethics, and Data Access: A Case Study of the Fragile Families Challenge

Youth academic achievement, social context, and body mass index

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