Geography and Participatory Democracy in Brazil: Porto Alegre and Belo Horizonte Compared

Techniques of Absence in Participatory Budgeting: Space, Difference and Governmentality across Buenos Aires

“…women, minorities, the poor) in participation schemes gives licence to a differentiated citizenship, assigning burdens and entitlements based on categories defined by dominant groups. Addressing Porto Alegre specifically, de Souza (2000) and others (Wood and Murray, 2007), draw attention to spatial differentiation in what ought to be an integrally equal process. As participatory budgets always emerge from more localised deliberations, de Souza (2000: 48-49) asks: 'What is the correspondence of geographic areas to population sectors (i.e.…”

Does Fiscal Decentralisation Strengthen Social Capital? Cross-Country Evidence and the Experiences of Brazil and Indonesia

“…The study by Fonseca (2007) on the decentralisation of health care in the 1990s shows that fiscal decentralisation and political liberalisation are closely intertwined and that decentralised fiscal management has strengthened participatory democracy. Wood and Murray (2007) review the experience of a growing number of Brazilian municipalities with participatory budgeting since decentralisation and underscore the role of decentralisation in enhancing participation in government decisions. Table 3 show that the cohorts that came of age before 1968, a period of democratic centralism prior to the 1964 coup and in the early years of military rule, were less pro-voice than the cohort of individuals that turned 18 once decentralisation had been enacted and implemented during 1988-92 and thereafter.…”

“…The study by Fonseca (2007) on the decentralisation of health care in the 1990s shows that fiscal decentralisation and political liberalisation are closely intertwined and that decentralised fiscal management has strengthened participatory democracy. Wood and Murray (2007) review the experience of a growing number of Brazilian municipalities with participatory budgeting since decentralisation and underscore the role of decentralisation in enhancing participation in government decisions.…”

Nas franjas da sociedade política: estudo sobre o orçamento participativo.

“…sociedade civil / movimentos sociais, que relaciona o "sucesso" ou "fracasso" -avaliações, em si, já relativamente contaminadas pela normatividade que grassa nestes trabalhos -das experiências de orçamento participativo à existência de uma "tradição associativa" local, da "vontade política" dos governos/partidos da ocasião e, como elemento mais ou menos evidente, ao embate entre "culturas políticas" democráticas ou conservadoras/autoritárias (Avritzer, 2002(Avritzer, , 2003a(Avritzer, , 2009Carvalho e Felgueiras, 2000;Lüchmann, 2002;Lacerda, 2003;T. Silva, 2003;Teixeira, 2003;Jesus, 2004;Ricci, 2004;Wood, 2004;Costa, 2006;Linhares, 2006;Neves, 2007Neves, , 2008.…”

“…Essa experiência não será discutida nesta tese, pois seriam ultrapassados seus objetivos prioritários. Outro autor (Wood, 2004) também conclui pelo sucesso das duas experiências de OP e por sua contribuição para que alternativas à democracia representativa sejam pensadas por meio delas (p. 138).…”