Geographies of global Internet censorship

Warf, Barney

doi:10.1007/s10708-010-9393-3

Cited by 90 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In these requests, Google rarely received a search warrant. This supports the claim regarding how "aggressive" the USA is in its attempts to obtaining virtual data [39].…”

Section: Awakening From "The American Dream"supporting

confidence: 80%

Freedom of Mass Communication in the Digital Age in the Case of the Internet: “Freedom House” and the USA Example

2017

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“…In these requests, Google rarely received a search warrant. This supports the claim regarding how "aggressive" the USA is in its attempts to obtaining virtual data [39].…”

Section: Awakening From "The American Dream"supporting

confidence: 80%

Freedom of Mass Communication in the Digital Age in the Case of the Internet: “Freedom House” and the USA Example

2017

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“…We often find alternatives for Silicon Valley originals such as Facebook and Twitter, not at least in countries which have a high degree of censorship like China and Russia (Warf, 2011). There are currently three Chinese firms among the 10 largest virtual communities in the world in terms of number of users (see Table 4).…”

Section: Chapter 3: Production and Internationalization Of Online Sermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One exception is China. China's relative strong performance can be explained by a giant home market, a rich diaspora, and relative strong technological advancement in the Internet sector, which has been underpinned by protectionist online policy (the Great Firewall) that hinders market entry for international OSPs (Warf, 2011). On the usage side, Internet penetration rates are clearly higher in the Global North, and the gap to some regions, e.g., Africa, has even increased during the last decade.…”

Section: Main Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital oases and digital deserts in Sub-Saharan Africa

Wentrup

Ström

Nakamura

2016

Journal of Science &Amp; Technology Policy Management

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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate whether Sub-Saharan African countries are catching up with the rest of the world in terms of online usage. Online service usage is an important component of the discourse of the “digital divide”, an emblematic term for the inequality of information and communication technology access. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a quantitative analysis of internet and Facebook penetration coupled with economic strength (GDP/capita), literacy and degree of rural population. Findings – The findings reveal a heterogeneous pattern with a few African countries being digital oases and close to European levels, whereas the majority of the countries are still digital deserts. A strong correlation is found between economic strength and internet penetration. A generalist picture that Sub-Saharan is on the trajectory of closing the digital divide is an imprecise reflection of the reality. Research limitations/implications – It is argued that instead of measuring supply-side data, which has been the trend till now, the use of demand-side elements such as online service usage tells more about digital inequalities between countries. Practical implications – The research encourages internet firms to open up their eyes for Sub-Saharan Africa as an investment opportunity with an untapped gap of online usage. Social implications – The three-billion internet users on the planet are unevenly spread and under-represented in Africa. By drawing a heterogeneous online usage landscape, digital policy can be accurately steered toward countries with the largest needs. Originality/value – There is a paucity of research going into the depth of online usage in Africa. The paper is a contribution to fill that gap.

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“…Xiao (2011) argues that the Internet, although subject to government censorship, has created a new class of "netizens" engaged in a relatively open "cyberpolitics" with real-world results. Censorship remains a formidable force on the Chinese Internet (Warf 2010), but Xiao points to the clever ways in which Chinese web users have resisted efforts at censorship, such as the creation of the "grass mud horse." 2 Xiao argues that the Chinese state has adapted to the Internet by becoming more responsive to citizens and allowing greater citizen participation in decision making.…”

Section: 态学。mentioning

confidence: 99%