Geographies of exclusion: Street drinking, gentrification and contests over public space

Pennay, Amy; Manton, Elizabeth; Savic, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.06.001

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The racial geography of a neighborhood appears to play an important role in shaping arrest disparities, which may in turn maintain segregation in those same neighborhoods (7). This mechanism is likely twofold: Police officers are more likely to stop or arrest Black individuals in White neighborhoods, but White residents may also be more likely to perceive the presence or actions of Blacks as suspicious and summon police(14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mass incarceration of Black men resulting from this bias in drug related arrests has contributed to the social and economic destabilization of Black communities, increased STI risks for incarcerated men and their partners, and perpetuated racial health disparities (4-6). Advocates and qualitative research have suggested that racial inequity in drug related arrests may play a role in driving neighborhood segregation or creating space for gentrification efforts (7, 8). However, to date little research has examined whether the racial composition of a neighborhood is associated with elevated risk of drug related arrest among Blacks in the US.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blacks face higher risk of drug arrests in White neighborhoods

Fielding-Miller

Davidson

Raj

2016

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Background Although Blacks and Whites in the United States use drugs at similar rates, Blacks are much more likely to be arrested for drug crimes. We tested the hypothesis that racial disparities in drug arrests are exacerbated in predominantly White neighborhoods. Methods Using publicly available data we calculated the disproportion of Black arrests as a function of the proportion of Black arrests over the proportion of Black residents within the 56 police service areas that make up the Washington, DC metropolitan police department (MPD). We compared the disproportion of Black arrests with the percentage of White residents within each service area. Results The population within MPD jurisdiction is 50.7% Black and 38.5% White. Between July 2014 and August 2015, 87.8% of the 3,329 individuals arrested for drugs were Black, yielding a citywide disproportion of Black drug arrests of 1.73. Linear regression showed a statistically significant exponential relationship between the disproportion of Black arrests and the percentage of White residents within a police service are, peaking at an arrest disproportion of 12.4 in an 84% White area. Conclusions Disproportionate Black drug arrests increase with the percentage of White residents in an area. Racial bias in drug arrests may be linked to segregation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blacks face higher risk of drug arrests in White neighborhoods

Fielding-Miller

Davidson

Raj

2016

International Journal of Drug Policy

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“…As with cities like London and San Francisco, many households in cities like Melbourne and Sydney find it increasingly difficult to access affordable accommodation, which generates more generalized forces of systemic exclusion and sorting in the housing stock. Ambitions to create familiar strategies for urban renewal, creativity and pacification, associated with gentrification in other locales, have also been part of the landscape of recent empirical assessments of key changes in Australia's cities (Atkinson and Easthope 2009;Pennay, Manton, and Savic 2014). In this context, gentrification has been promoted by some local authorities, often indirectly through the courting of higher income residents, yet the high costs of housing in cities like Melbourne and Sydney has also driven moderate and high-income households to consider cheaper areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Losing One’s Place: Narratives of Neighbourhood Change, Market Injustice and Symbolic Displacement

Atkinson

2015

Housing, Theory and Society

164

142

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This article examines the narratives offered by those displaced through the gentrification of neighbourhoods in Melbourne and Sydney. Extensive qualitative interview data generated from encounters with self-identified displacees in these cities is used here to examine their responses to changes in and after they moved from their originating neighbourhoods and the impacts these changes had on them. This data reveals that despite displacement commonly being defined in terms of physical movement, in many cases, participants became dislocated and isolated by the physical and social changes that took place while still residing in neighbourhoods as they changed. The article traces these twin modes of displacementboth as a series of impacts generated by direct market dislocation but also as feelings of loss connected with a home that might be imminently lost and the cherished place around it. These narratives reveal how private renters respond to a symbolic violence that they locate in a changing built environment and a shifting social physiognomy that impinges and threatens the viability of their tenure of these places. The article locates these resentments and displacements within a sociopolitical context that celebrates ownership and investment in the very homes and places that are now lost to them.

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“…Whilst the scale and nature of implementation is variable within and between countries (O'Sullivan, 2012), such strategies have been widely documented in North America (Evans, 2012;Gaetz, 2013;NLCHP, 2014;Walby & Lippert, 2012), Central America (Godoy, 2012), Europe (Doherty et al, 2008;FEANTSA, 2007FEANTSA, , 2012Fernandez Evangelista, 2013) and KEYWORDS Homelessness; begging; street drinking; social control; force; coercion ARTICLE HISTORY Australasia (Adams, 2014;Laurenson & Collins, 2007;Pennay et al, 2014). In the USA, these interventions are so commonplace that the National Coalition for the Homeless developed and published a list of the ten 'meanest' cities based on the number and severity of ordinances affecting street homeless people, amongst other criteria 1 (NCH, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homelessness and social control: a typology

2018

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The use of 'social control' interventions in housing and welfare policy often courts intense controversy, and never more so than when attempts are made to bring about change in the conduct of street homeless people. To date, academic scrutiny has focused on the socalled 'regulation' or 'criminalisation' of rough sleepers occupying public space, but a range of 'softer' control mechanisms are also now in evidence within homelessness support services. This paper explicates the relationship between the distinct forms of social control that have been used in this field -force, coercion, bargaining, influence and tolerance -and compares the perspectives of policy makers, frontline practitioners and homeless people regarding the appropriateness of their deployment in England. It emphasizes that the use of every one of these modes of social control, and indeed the absence of such controls, raises moral and practical dilemmas, the nuance of which is often unacknowledged in academic accounts.

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Geographies of exclusion: Street drinking, gentrification and contests over public space

Abstract: The geographical exclusion of street drinkers that has occurred as a result of these laws warrants the consideration of a more socially responsible strategy than the current legislative approach.

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Blacks face higher risk of drug arrests in White neighborhoods

Blacks face higher risk of drug arrests in White neighborhoods

Losing One’s Place: Narratives of Neighbourhood Change, Market Injustice and Symbolic Displacement

Homelessness and social control: a typology

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