Abstract:While it is generally recognized that the projected changes in the global climate will have serious negative consequences for the Caribbean as a whole, it is becoming more and more evident that the impacts of climate change will not be uniformly felt across the region. The primary aim of this paper is to provide a review of the Caribbean climate change literature. The paper begins with a brief discussion on the shifting nature of Caribbean vulnerability within the context of the region's longstanding and conti… Show more
“…We also limited our exploration of climate impacts to sea-level rise alone when in fact many more climate variables, including changes in the intensity and frequency of storms, effects of ocean acidification and warming on reefs, are likely to influence risk to coastal hazards. Lastly, many factors have been identified as key drivers of social vulnerability, such as gender, livelihood, social capital, and wealth (Cutter et al, 2003;Boruff et al, 2005;Peacock et al, 2012;Rhiney, 2015;Ghosal, 2016;. We chose to focus on age, in part due to data availability, but care should be taken when interpreting the results to understand that this is only one dimension of vulnerability.…”
Climate change and population growth are degrading coastal ecosystems and increasing risks to communities and infrastructure. Reliance on seawalls and other types of hardened shorelines is unsustainable in an era of rising seas, given the costs to build and maintain these structures and their unintended consequences on ecosystems. This is especially true for communities that depend on coastal and marine ecosystems for livelihoods and sustenance. Protecting and restoring coral reefs and coastal forests can be lower cost, sustainable alternatives for shoreline protection. However, decision-makers often lack basic information about where and under what conditions ecosystems reduce risk to coastal hazards and who would benefit. To better understand where to prioritize ecosystems for coastal protection, we assessed risk reduction provided by coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrass along the entire coast of The Bahamas, under current and future climate scenarios. Modeled results show that the population most exposed to coastal hazards would more than double with future sea-level rise and more than triple if ecosystems were lost or degraded. We also found that ecosystem-based risk reduction differs across islands due to variation in a suite of ecological, physical, and social variables. On some populated islands, like Grand Bahama and Abaco, habitats provide protection to disproportionately large numbers of people compared to the rest of the country. Risk reduction provided by ecosystems is also evident for several sparsely populated, remote coastal communities, which in some cases, have large elderly populations. The results from our analyses were critical for engaging policy-makers in discussions about employing natural and nature-based features for coastal resilience. After hurricanes Joaquin and Matthew hit The Bahamas in 2016 and 2017, our assessment of coastal risk reduction and the multiple benefits provided by coastal ecosystems helped pave the way for an innovative loan from the Inter-American Development Bank to the Government of The Bahamas
“…We also limited our exploration of climate impacts to sea-level rise alone when in fact many more climate variables, including changes in the intensity and frequency of storms, effects of ocean acidification and warming on reefs, are likely to influence risk to coastal hazards. Lastly, many factors have been identified as key drivers of social vulnerability, such as gender, livelihood, social capital, and wealth (Cutter et al, 2003;Boruff et al, 2005;Peacock et al, 2012;Rhiney, 2015;Ghosal, 2016;. We chose to focus on age, in part due to data availability, but care should be taken when interpreting the results to understand that this is only one dimension of vulnerability.…”
Climate change and population growth are degrading coastal ecosystems and increasing risks to communities and infrastructure. Reliance on seawalls and other types of hardened shorelines is unsustainable in an era of rising seas, given the costs to build and maintain these structures and their unintended consequences on ecosystems. This is especially true for communities that depend on coastal and marine ecosystems for livelihoods and sustenance. Protecting and restoring coral reefs and coastal forests can be lower cost, sustainable alternatives for shoreline protection. However, decision-makers often lack basic information about where and under what conditions ecosystems reduce risk to coastal hazards and who would benefit. To better understand where to prioritize ecosystems for coastal protection, we assessed risk reduction provided by coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrass along the entire coast of The Bahamas, under current and future climate scenarios. Modeled results show that the population most exposed to coastal hazards would more than double with future sea-level rise and more than triple if ecosystems were lost or degraded. We also found that ecosystem-based risk reduction differs across islands due to variation in a suite of ecological, physical, and social variables. On some populated islands, like Grand Bahama and Abaco, habitats provide protection to disproportionately large numbers of people compared to the rest of the country. Risk reduction provided by ecosystems is also evident for several sparsely populated, remote coastal communities, which in some cases, have large elderly populations. The results from our analyses were critical for engaging policy-makers in discussions about employing natural and nature-based features for coastal resilience. After hurricanes Joaquin and Matthew hit The Bahamas in 2016 and 2017, our assessment of coastal risk reduction and the multiple benefits provided by coastal ecosystems helped pave the way for an innovative loan from the Inter-American Development Bank to the Government of The Bahamas
Durante los primeros quince años de este siglo, los fenómenos meteorológicos extremos (ciclones tropicales, olas de calor, frentes fríos, incendios forestales, sequías, etc.) han mostrado una tendencia que va en aumento. El propósito principal de este artículo es efectuar un análisis de los fenómenos meteorológicos extremos (FME), con el objetivo de motivar a la reflexión a los tomadores de decisiones y al público en general sobre la necesidad de estar preparados para los posibles efectos de estos eventos Además, el artículo analiza el impacto de estos fenómenos en los diferentes aspectos del diario vivir, tales como: salud de la población con enfermedades como dengue, chikungunya, zika, irritación de ojos y piel, entre otros; así como sobre la economía del país. En el caso particular de la República Dominicana, enclavada en el centro del Caribe y su dependencia del turismo y la agricultura, el preparar planes de mitigación y adaptación con el propósito de ser más resilientes es una obligación del Estado, así como de los gobiernos municipales.
“…Country ownership is not a new concept. The Pearson Commission, which was tasked by the World Bank President in 1969 with assessing ODA, stressed that ‘the formation and execution of development policies must ultimately be the responsibility of the recipient alone’ (Rhiney, ). Both the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development (2002) and the UN Millennium Development Goals (2000) made reference to country ownership.…”
Section: Ownership Conditionality and The Aid Effectiveness Agendamentioning
The concept of country ownership is central to international efforts to improve aid effectiveness. At the same time, policy reform in recipient countries continues to be a donor priority, given its potential to both reduce poverty and improve aid effectiveness. How effectively can donors promote reform while not undermining ownership?What role can be played by conditionality, discredited in recent decades but still widely used in altered form and linked to the provision of budget support? This article draws on over 50 in-depth interviews with recipient country policy-makers, political leaders and donor officials to explore these questions in three aid-dependent Small Island Developing States (SIDS) where donors have used budget support to leverage policy reform.
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