Geographical variations in the prevalence of atopic sensitization in six study sites across Canada

Chan‐Yeung, Moira; Anthonisen, N. R.; Becklake, Margaret R.; Bowie, Dennis; Buist, A. Sonia; Dimich‐Ward, Helen; Ernst, Pierre; Sears, Malcolm R.; Siersted, Hans Christian; Sweet, Lamont; Til, Linda Van; Manfreda, Jure

doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02399.x

Cited by 42 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These findings seem to be in contrast with the results of a recent observational study from Canada, where it was found that ragweed sensitization was lower in the predominantly rural areas than in urban Canadian cities [31]. There may be various methodological reasons for the differences between this particular study and our findings; it examined healthy adults, whereas we included only patients with suspected or documented atopic diseases.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Sensitization to Common Ragweed in Southern Bavaria: Clinical and Geographical Risk Factors in Atopic Patients

Ruëff¹,

Przybilla²,

Walker³

et al. 2012

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: Sensitization to common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) is associated with a variety of risk factors, which are incompletely defined. Our aim was to evaluate the association of a variety of clinical, geographical and demographical variables with ragweed sensitization and also to determine its frequency in southern Bavaria. Methods: In this cross-sectional multicentre study, we enrolled 977 patients with a documented or suspected atopic disease or food allergy. Data were collected on aeroallergen sensitization, age, sex, type and history of allergic disease, place of residence and potential local ragweed exposure. For this last variable, county ragweed cover was taken as a surrogate variable. Relative rates were calculated with multiple additive logistic regression models. Randomly selected patients with ragweed sensitization had a conjunctival provocation test. Results: According to skin prick tests, 190 patients (19.5%) were sensitized to ragweed. The frequency of this finding increased significantly with a rising number of additional sensitizations. Other less important predictors for a ragweed sensitization were male gender, mugwort sensitization, food allergy and a maximum of complaints in September or October. County of residence, extent of local ragweed cover or type of residential area were without relevance. Of 48 sensitized patients, 26 (54.2%) had a positive conjunctival provocation test. Discussion: Patients with multiple sensitizations may be more readily sensitized to a new aeroallergen. Local geographic or environmental conditions are presumably of minor importance for becoming sensitized to ragweed. The frequency of ragweed allergy among sensitized patients might be high.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Sensitization to Common Ragweed in Southern Bavaria: Clinical and Geographical Risk Factors in Atopic Patients

Ruëff¹,

Przybilla²,

Walker³

et al. 2012

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…Although many large epidemiological studies have reported substantial geographical variation in the prevalence of sensitization, 7, 32, 33 the overall prevalence of allergic sensitization did not vary regionally in NHANES 2005–2006, except in early life. In population-based studies, atopy is often assessed using test panels limited to inhalant allergens, 32, 33 whereas in NHANES 2005–2006, the panel consisted of a variety of indoor, outdoor and food allergens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Prevalence of allergic sensitization in the United States: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006

Salo

Arbes

Jaramillo

et al. 2014

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

293

264

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Background Allergic sensitization is an important risk factor for the development of atopic disease. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006 provides the most comprehensive information on IgE-mediated sensitization in the general US population. Objective We investigated clustering, sociodemographic and regional patterns of allergic sensitization and examined risk factors associated with IgE-mediated sensitization. Methods Data for this cross-sectional analysis were obtained from NHANES 2005–2006. Participants aged ≥1 year (N=9440) were tested for sIgEs to inhalant and food allergens; participants ≥6 years were tested for 19 sIgEs, and children aged 1–5 years for 9 sIgEs. Serum samples were analyzed using the ImmunoCAP System. Information on demographics and participant characteristics was collected by questionnaire. Results Of the study population aged 6 and older, 44.6% had detectable sIgEs, while 36.2% of children aged 1–5 years were sensitized to ≥1 allergen. Allergen-specific IgEs clustered into 7 groups that might have largely reflected biological cross-reactivity. Although sensitization to individual allergens and allergen types showed regional variation, the overall prevalence of sensitization did not differ across census regions, except in early childhood. In multivariate modeling, young age, male gender, non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity, geographic location (census region), and reported pet avoidance measures were most consistently associated with IgE-mediated sensitization. Conclusions The overall prevalence of allergic sensitization does not vary across US census regions, except in early life, although allergen-specific sensitization differs by sociodemographic and regional factors. Biological cross-reactivity may be an important, but not a sole, contributor to the clustering of allergen-specific IgEs. Clinical implications IgE-mediated sensitization shows clustering patterns and differs by sociodemographic and regional factors, but the overall prevalence of sensitization may not vary across US census regions.

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“…Although only 2-3% of individuals in the general population develop allergic sensitization to A. fumigatus (as determined by immediate skin test positivity) 42, 43 , in asthma, approximately 28% of patients including 45% of patients with severe asthma, develop A. fumigatus sensitization 9, 44 . The high rate of sensitization to A. fumigatus in severe chronic asthma may be due to the germination in the lungs of the spores, and exposure and sensitization to the hyphae, which contain the asperamide B lipid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invariant natural killer T cells recognize a fungal glycosphingolipid that can induce airway hyperreactivity

Albacker

Chaudhary

Chang

et al. 2013

Nat Med

124

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Aspergillus fumigatusis a saprophytic fungus that is ubiquitous in the environment and commonly associated with allergic sensitization and severe asthma in humans. Although A. fumigatus is recognized by multiple microbial pattern recognition receptors, we identified and synthesized an A. fumigatus glycosphingolipid, asperamide B, that directly activated invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in vitro in a CD1d-restricted, MyD88- and dectin-1-independent fashion. Moreover, asperamide B, when loaded into CD1d, directly stained, and was sufficient to activate, iNKT cells. In vivo, asperamide B rapidly induced airway hyperreactivity, a cardinal feature of asthma, by activating pulmonary iNKT cells in an IL-33-ST2-dependent fashion. Asperamide B is thus the first fungal glycolipid found to directly activate iNKT cells. These results extend the range of microorganisms that can be directly detected by iNKT cells to the Kingdom of Fungi, and may explain the effectiveness of A. fumigatus in causing severe chronic respiratory diseases in humans.

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Geographical variations in the prevalence of atopic sensitization in six study sites across Canada

Cited by 42 publications

References 24 publications

Sensitization to Common Ragweed in Southern Bavaria: Clinical and Geographical Risk Factors in Atopic Patients

Sensitization to Common Ragweed in Southern Bavaria: Clinical and Geographical Risk Factors in Atopic Patients

Prevalence of allergic sensitization in the United States: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006

Invariant natural killer T cells recognize a fungal glycosphingolipid that can induce airway hyperreactivity

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